In structural steel measurement, which accessory weights are added to the weight of the respective main item for payment and accounting?

Introduction / Context:
When measuring structural steelwork, standard methods require including the weights of essential accessories that form part of the functional assembly. This avoids underpayment and reflects the true installed steel mass delivered by the fabricator/erector.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Main members include beams, columns, trusses, and frames.
• Accessories like cleats, brackets, bolts, and spacers are integral for connections and stability.
• We seek which accessory weights are included in the payable steel weight.

Concept / Approach:
Steel measurement conventions typically add the weights of cleats, brackets, bolts, and separators to the respective assembly item because they are necessary to complete the structural connection as per drawings. Minor consumables (welding electrodes, paints) are not weighed but are included in rates by description.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Cleats and brackets: connection steel → add to item weight.Bolts and separators: essential fasteners/spacers → included in overall steel weight.Therefore, choose “All the above.”

Verification / Alternative check:
BOQ preambles often state that bolts, nuts, washers, cleats, and small fittings are measured as part of the structural steel item by weight.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Picking any single accessory ignores standard inclusion of all listed items.

Common Pitfalls:
Double-counting accessories separately; omitting bolts in the final steel tally leading to disputes.

Final Answer:
All the above.