Indian national movement: What best describes the nature of India's anti-imperialist struggle? Consider the early phase methods and the predominant strategy led by mass movements. Choose the most accurate description.

Given data

• Asks for a characterization of the Indian freedom struggle.

Concept/Approach
The early phase (Moderates) emphasized petitions, resolutions, and constitutional methods. Later mass movements under Gandhi were predominantly non-violent (Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India), though revolutionary/armed strands existed but were not the continuous main strategy.

Step-by-step reasoning
Option B captures the evolution: start with constitutional methods → later large-scale non-violent mass action.

Common pitfalls
Overstating that it was always peaceful (there were armed episodes) or that it relied on foreign support (it was primarily indigenous).

Final Answer
Initially constitutional and by large non-violent