Concept check: dominant heat-transfer mode in solids Evaluate the statement: “In the case of solids, heat transfer takes place according to radiation.” Decide whether the statement is correct or incorrect and choose the best justification.

Concept
In solids, adjacent molecules/atoms transfer energy primarily by lattice interaction and electron transport — this is conduction. Radiation exists at all temperatures but is usually a secondary path compared with conduction inside a solid.

Why the statement is incorrect
Saying heat transfer in solids occurs “according to radiation” ignores the dominant conduction mechanism. Only at very high temperatures or across gaps does radiation become comparable or dominant.

Common pitfall
Confusing surface heat loss by radiation with internal heat transfer within the solid.

Final Answer
Disagree — conduction is the principal mode in solids.