Analogy — “Tree : Root :: Smoke : ?”. Choose the option that stands to smoke as a generative source/cause (parallel to root as a generative base for the tree).
Correct Answer: Fire
Introduction / Context:Roots are foundational to a tree — the source from which it anchors and draws sustenance. By analogy, we seek the common cause/source that gives rise to smoke. Among everyday causes, “fire” is the standard, primary source of smoke in general contexts.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- “Tree : Root” treats root as a fundamental source/support for the tree.
- We need a similarly foundational generator for smoke.
- The relation should be causal/generative, not merely associative or a pathway.
Concept / Approach:Distinguish “cause/source” from “container,” “path,” or “by-product.” While cigarettes can produce smoke, “fire” is the canonical, broad cause that mirrors the generality of “root.”
Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify a primary generator: fire → smoke (combustion → fumes).Eliminate non-generators: chimney is a conduit, heat may exist without smoke, ash is residue.Cigarette is a specific case involving fire; “fire” captures the general cause best.Verification / Alternative check:In standard logical analogies, generic cause is preferred over a specific instance, preserving parallelism with “root” rather than a particular brand/source.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:They are either specific instances, pathways, or related effects, not the fundamental cause.
Common Pitfalls:Choosing a specific example (cigarette) instead of the general cause (fire).
Final Answer:Fire