Loader functions: identify what the loader does during program preparation and startup.

Introduction / Context:The loader bridges the gap between compiled/assembled object code and execution. It sets up memory, resolves addresses, and relocates code/data as needed. This question checks awareness of the loader’s concrete responsibilities.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Input: one or more object modules (and libraries).
• Output: a loaded, relocatable or fixed image ready to run.
• Symbol resolution and relocation are required for correct addressing.

Concept / Approach:

• Loading includes placement, relocation, and link-time resolution (static or dynamic).
• All listed tasks are classic loader/linker duties.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Each of A, B, C is a correct sub-function; therefore “All of the above” is the best answer.
• None of the above: Incorrect because these are standard loader responsibilities.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing compile-time linking with load-time dynamic linking—both involve symbol resolution but at different stages.

Final Answer: