Knowledge encapsulation: What is the name of a computer program that contains the distilled expertise of a human specialist for problem solving?

Introduction / Context:
Expert systems encode the rules, heuristics, and domain facts used by specialists to make decisions. The question probes whether you can identify the proper term for software that delivers expert-level advice in a narrow domain.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Program captures domain knowledge (rules and facts).
• Provides recommendations, diagnoses, or classifications.
• Often includes an inference engine and knowledge base.

Concept / Approach:
An expert system is a classic AI application that emulates decision-making of human experts. It differs from general AI, from databases (which store but do not infer), and from MIS (which summarizes operations).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Examples like MYCIN (medical) and XCON (configuration) confirm the definition and scope.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• DBMS stores data; it doesn’t reason.
• MIS produces periodic reports; not a reasoning engine.
• Artificial intelligence is an umbrella term; too broad for the described artifact.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming any smart program is an expert system; the distinguishing feature is explicit domain knowledge and rule-based inference.

Final Answer:
Expert system