Question 1

Which statement is one component of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living cells arise from pre-existing cells is one component of the cell theory. The Cell Theory is one of the basic principles of biology. The Cell Theory states: 1. All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance involves the determination of a particular phenotypic characteristic by many genes, called polygenes(group of genes influencing a quantitative characteristic), each having a small effect individually. Height and skin colour in humans are examples of Polygenic characters.

Question 3

A pulse can be detected most easily in

Accepted Answer

A pulse can be detected most easily in Arteries as they are under much greater pressure than veins because they are carrying blood away from the heart which is the pumping machine to force blood to move to all of the body. Every time the hear contracts, it can be felt in an artery where a surge of blood has just been forced. A capillary is too small to feel a pulse and a lacteal is part of the lymphatic system found in the small intestine.

Question 4

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?

Accepted Answer

If you were to produce a protein in bacterial cloning systems, you would not get the same post transcriptional and post translational modifications because the prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems work differently on the modifications. Thus human recombinant protein genes are usually cloned in yeast cells. Also since they have a short generation time, they can be easily culture.

Question 5

Which of the following vitamin helps in clotting of blood?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K helps in clotting of blood. It is used by the body to help blood clot. Warfarin (Coumadin) is used to slow blood clotting. By helping the blood clot, vitamin K might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin).

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ddntps is true?

Accepted Answer

ddNTPs - Dideoxynucleotides and abbreviated as ddNTPs. They are chain-elongating inhibitors of DNA polymerase, used in the Sanger method for DNA sequencing. They have a hydrogen at the 3’ carbon of the ribose sugar.

Question 7

Which of the following is not correct concerning nerves?

Accepted Answer

Axons make up a majority of the matter in a nerve is the one statement regarding nerves is incorrect.

Question 8

Heritable variation is required for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Heritable variation is one of the four most important factors that affect whether natural selection can occur. These factors include 1) Heritable variation 2) Descent with modification 3) Struggle for survival, and necessarily if the others are satisfied 4) Survival of the fittest. Heritable variation allows for possibly beneficial, negative, or even neutral mutations to get filtered during each generation by natural selection--weeding out negative mutations, passing on positive and neutral ones. Without heritable variation, species would quickly fall victim to parasites who take advantage of identical genetic material in a population and evolution would not occur. Variation is the raw material of evolution.

Question 9

Which of these is unique to flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

In flowering plants one sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg and the other sperm nucleus fuses with two other nuclei found within the ovule, thus forming triploid endosperm. Hence, double fertilization is unique to flowering plants.

Question 10

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle (which pumps blood to the lungs), pulmonary artery (which carries blood to the lungs), and left atrium (which receives blood from the lungs) are involved directly in pulmonary circulation.

Question 11

Which is not a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A cytoskeleton acts as a frame that gives a cell its shape, protects it to an extent, and helps with cellular motion.

Question 12

To what kingdom do common bacteria belong

Accepted Answer

There are two kingdoms of bacteria. They are 1. Eubacteria and 2. Archaea The members of these two kingdoms appear similar in shape and appearance, even under the extreme magnification of the electron microscope . However, they are very different from each other in a number of molecular and biochemical aspects. It is these differences that have resulted in the microorganisms being grouped into separate kingdoms. For example, eubacteria contain the rigid, stress-bearing network known as the peptidoglycan . The only exceptions are the bacteria from the genera Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. Archaebacteria do not contain peptidoglycan. Instead, they contain a different structure that is called pseudomurein. The common bacteria belongs to Eubacteria kingdom.

Question 13

Is yeast a fungus or bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Yeast belongs to members of the Kingdom Fungi Yeast are single-celled microorganisms that are classified, along with molds and mushrooms in Fungi family Yeasts are evolutionally diverse and are therefore classified into two separate phyla, Ascomycota or sac fungi and Basidiomycota or higher fungi, that together form the subkingdom Dikarya

Question 14

DNA is made of repeating units called

Accepted Answer

DNA is a very long chain polymer made up of thousands of repeating units called nucleotides. Nucleotide Unit is composed of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The sides of the DNA ladder are made up of alternating deoxyribose sugar -- phosphate group units.

Question 15

Which nitrogenous base is not found in dna?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, or nitrogen-containing base, is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom. In DNA, four bases have been found. They are 1. Adenine (A), 2. Guanine (G), 3. Cytosine (C) and 4. Thymine (T). The first three of these bases are found in RNA also but the fourth which is Uracil (U) is absent in it. RNA contains cytosine and uracil as pyrimidine bases while DNA has cytosine and thymine.

Question 16

Where does translation take place in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm whereas transcription occurs in the nucleus. Transcription and Translation: Terms transcription and translation in biology are generally related to the DNA and its properties. Human cells replicate. In order to do that, they have to produce the same constituents for the new cell that is to be made. The only way to do that is by producing proteins. The proteins are produced in the process that is called protein synthesis. The first step is in the nucleus where a particular gene is being expressed so it enables all protein factors to come and to replicate that part of a chromosome. This is finished when mRNA, the same single-stranded genetic code of a particular gene, is formed. This is transcription. Right after that, the mRNA enters the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. There, it could be translated into proteins by ribosomes. This process is called translation.

Question 17

Where do arteries carry blood?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except for pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation (usually veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood as well).

Question 18

Finger like ends of the fallopian tubes are called

Accepted Answer

The fimbriae of the uterine tube, also known as fimbriae tubae, are small, fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tubes, through which eggs move from the ovaries to the uterus. The fimbriae are connected to the ovary.

Question 19

Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cellular repiration takes place in the mitochodria. There are 3 phases of cellular respiration. They are: 1. Glycolysis (Fermentation), 2. Krebs Cycle, and 3. Electron Transport. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle and electron transport takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 20

Leukorrhea may be associated with

Accepted Answer

Leukorrhea is a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge. There are many causes of leukorrhea, the usual one being estrogen imbalance. The amount of discharge may increase due to vaginal infection or STDs, and it may disappear and reappear from time to time. This discharge can keep occurring for years, in which case it becomes more yellow and foul-smelling. It is usually a non-pathological symptom secondary to inflammatory conditions of vagina or cervix.

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