Question 1

Do plant cells have Mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

While plant cells have chloroplasts to photosynthesize, they also require ATP for cellular functions, and do use oxygen to break down some of the sugar they produce in order to generate that ATP. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. They need mitochondria for this reason. Hence with this logic, we can say that Plants cells have mitochondria.

Question 2

Why is DNA called the blueprint of life?

Accepted Answer

DNA is called the blueprint of life because it contains the instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive and reproduce DNA does this by controlling protein synthesis Proteins do most of the work in cells, and are the basic unit of structure and function in the cells of organisms

Question 3

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes are in a human gamete. Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes(23 pairs) but a gamete(germ cell) gets half the amount, i.e. 23 chromosomes, (one from each pair). There will be half the number of chromosomes an organism has in its somatic cells (all other body cells except gametes). For example in humans, the somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes which are the diploid number (2n) and each sperm and egg has 23 chromosomes where one of them is the sex chromosome.

Question 4

Where are genes located in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on DNA present in the chromosome Chromosomes are present in the nucleus of the cell

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells lack

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and do not have an extensive system of interior membranes. They are encased in a cell wall and many contain external structures such as a capsule, flagellum, or pili. Prokaryotes – have a relatively uniform interior that is not subdivided by internal membranes.

Question 6

Select the correct statement about cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

All the carbon atoms in glucose ultimately incorporated during cellular respiration into carbon dioxide molecules.

Question 7

Which structure is not part of the Endomembrane System?

Accepted Answer

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments or organelles. In eukaryotes, the organelles of the endomembrane system include the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane, among others.

Question 8

Compared to land, the open oceans

Accepted Answer

are nutrient-poor environments

Question 9

When during the Cell Cycle are Chromosomes visible?

Accepted Answer

During most of the cell cycle, interphase, the chromosomes are somewhat less condensed and are not visible as individual objects under the light microscope. However during cell division, mitosis, the chromosomes become highly condensed and are then visible as dark distinct bodies within the nuclei of cells. The chromosomes are most easily seen and identified at the metaphase stage of cell division and most of the chromosome images in this gallery are pictures of metaphase chromomosomes. The cell division takes place in mitosis stage.

Question 10

Function of Bile juice?

Accepted Answer

Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble substances, such as the vitamins A, D, E, and K Besides its digestive function, many waste products, including bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cells recycled by the liver are eliminated from the body by secretion into bile and elimination in feces

Question 11

Bacteria divide by

Accepted Answer

Bacteria divided and reproduce by Binary fission. In this process, the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary fission begins when the DNA of the bacterium divides into two replicates.

Question 12

The basic unit of the nervous system is the

Accepted Answer

The basic unit of the nervous system is the Neurons. The neuron is a single nerve cell, and you have billions of them. There are three basic types of neurons:: 1. Association, 2. Afferent and 3. Efferent. The association neurons comprise the central nervous system (CNS) that is the brain and spinal cord. The afferent neurons are also known as the sensory neurons, they bring the stimuli from the sensors (e.g., skin, eyes, ears) to the CNS. The efferent neurons are also known as motor neurons, they bring the responses from the brain to the muscles and the glands.

Question 13

Which type of simple sugar is found primarily in fruit?

Accepted Answer

The main simple sugar found in fruit is Fructose. Glucose is found naturally occurring in fruits and other plants. But fructose is sweeter than glucose and can give you more energy. That's why a piece of fruit in the morning will give you more energy than a cup of coffee! Fructose is what gives most fruits that sweet flavor and in combination with the acids present in certain fruits can give a pleasantly tangy flavor.

Question 14

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

FALSE. Each hemoglobin molecule can transport four molecules of oxygen. Hemoglobin, or Hb, is a protein molecule found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) made of four subunits: two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Heme the component of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen consists of an iron ion that binds oxygen and a porphyrin ring that binds the globin molecules, one molecule binds one molecule of oxygen and can bind up to four oxygen molecules.

Question 15

Plant development is influenced by

Accepted Answer

quality, quantity and duration of light

Question 16

Where does glycolysis take place?

Accepted Answer

"Glycolysis" means the splitting of glucose. The first step of the process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and yields a small amount of energy (measured in units of ATP) and two molecules of pyruvate. The other steps occur in the mitochondria. It is an ongoing process as your cells have a constant need for energy.

Question 17

A polygenic trait is controlled by 3 genes A, B and C. In a cross AaBbCc x AaBbCc, the phenotypic ratio of the offsprings was observed as 1 : 6 : m : 20 : m : 6 : 1. What is the value of m?

Accepted Answer

Here crossing is AaBbCc x AaBbCc As it is trihybrid cross, we know, Number of zygotes formed = 4 n , where n = 3 4 3 = 64 Given ratio of offsprings = 1 : 6 : m : 20 : m : 6 : 1 Now, 1 + 6 + m + 20 + m + 6 + 1 = 64 34 + 2m = 64 2m = 30 => m = 15.

Question 18

Name the two main types of Fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat The two most common types of fermentation are (1) alcoholic fermentation (and) (2) lactic acid fermentation (1) Alcoholic fermentation : the type of fermentation in which ethyl alcohol is the main end product This is very common in yeast (unicellular fungus) and also seen in some bacteria Yeast cells release enzymes called zymase complex which bring about the fermentation The reactions are similar to anaerobic respiration (2) Lactic acid fermentation : The type of fermentation in which lactic acid is the end product It is carried out by some bacteria (eg lactic acid bacteria), and also by animals (muscle glycolysis in animals, under oxygen deficiency, results in the formation of lactic acid this is whay we experience in muscle cramps, or "Charley horse")

Question 19

Which best describes genetic mutations?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are accidents in the copying of DNA. A genetic mutation is a random change in the DNA that is passed on further generations of cells and or organisms. Genetic mutations are accidental changes in the DNA in the germ cells or early in the formation of the embryo. These changes if they are in the germ cell will be passed on to other organisms formed by sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction. An example would be the golden delicious apple. A lost of genetic information due to a mutation resulted in a different color of fruit. Genetic mutations that cause diseases are not always passed on to offspring.

Question 20

What organelle allows some protists to detect light?

Accepted Answer

An organelle called Eyespot allows some protists to detect light It allows the cells to sense light direction and intensity and respond to it by swimming either towards the light (positive phototaxis) or away from the light (negative phototaxis) Eyespot is a photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate or (motile) cells of green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids Eyespot-mediated light perception helps the cells in finding an environment with optimal light conditions for photosynthesis Eyespots are the simplest and most common "eyes" found in nature, composed of photoreceptors and areas of bright orange-red pigment granules

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