Question 1

What is the difference between Unix and Windows shared hosting services?

Accepted Answer

There are two major platforms that providing hosting and servers to host on The differences between them are as follows: - Unix are more efficient in performing offsite and onsite, whereas windows doesn’t provide very good efficiency to work with - Unix provide lower hosting cost for the website using the high bandwidth, whereas windows take more resources and have the cost higher for the storage - Unix is better for the websites that are static and includes HTML and graphics, whereas Windows is used for heavy websites and having more requirements - Unix supports the scripting languages like PHP and databases like MySQL and other related categories, whereas Windows supports IIS, coldfusion and big applications that take more space

Question 2

What are the ways through which the files can be transferred to server?

Accepted Answer

- Files can be transferred to the server by using the FTP protocol also known as File Transfer Protocol - FTP is used as a standard network protocol that transfers the file from one computer to another computer using the TCP protocol network - This uploads the pages and other documents that are stored in private disk to the public web hosting server - FTP is used on a client server architecture that allows different controls and data connections between the client and the server - FTP uses clear-text sign in protocol that allows the client to use the user name and password for authentication purpose

Question 3

What is the use of Virtual Domain?

Accepted Answer

- Virtual domain is the domain of the client on which they can run their applications without having to install the server or hardware - The software need not to be installed physically on the server as it can be done using the local repositories and maintaining the domain locally - Using the virtual domain the server storage space is utilized efficiently and the data can be made more secure before publishing it online - Virtual domains are used to represent the personal Internet web address domain name and can be made with your personal one - Virtual domain provides more security in terms of using your own personalized domain and allows the access to the resources that are on web

Question 4

What are the steps involved in uploading the files using FTP client software?

Accepted Answer

- FTP is used to upload the files on the server from the client side where it is installed on the computer of clients - FTP client is checked for the installation of the software and according to that the appropriate directory is uploaded on the hosting server - The hosting server uploads the files that is being created by the user and set the permissions for it so that public can access it - Web hosting uses different directories like HTML that is used as var/www/html that is determined using the FTP client - Initial local directory is being set up using FTP client and it is where the website gets stored - The transfer mode is being determined for the files that need to be transferred either in ASCII or BINARY mode

Question 5

What are the different types of hostings that exist?

Accepted Answer

There are different types of hosting provided to upload and share their files using the web or Internet - Free web hosting service: It provides limited services and offers it to companies in that it offers advertisements and other services with limitations - Shared web hosting service: where a server shares many websites all placed at one place having the range from few to hundred * The domains are most probably remains shared with a common pool of resources that is based on the server like RAM and CPU - Reseller web hosting: This is the web hosting that allows clients to provide web hosting to others This includes individual domains that are listed using the affiliated with a reseller - Virtual Dedicated Server: This is also known as also known as a Virtual Private Server (VPS) This provided the divided server resources in the virtual servers and the method that doesn’t relate directly to the hardware - Home server: This is a single machine server that can be thought as a personal server that is used to host one or more web sites using the connection

Question 6

What is the use of providing web hosting services?

Accepted Answer

- Web hosting services provide internet hosting and its services that provide organization to build the websites - The web hosting services also allow the individuals to access the websites through the World Wide Web - Web hosting provides the space to put their content and allow the clients to provide the Internet connectivity - It provides the data center that allows the use of higher space and connectivity properties for the Internet users - It provides tools to allow the website to run on the servers and easily accessible from the outside world using the browser

Question 7

What is the purpose of web browser?

Accepted Answer

- Web browser is used to run the software application that allows retrieving, presenting and traversing the information from one place to another - Web browser provides the resources using the WWW (World Wide Web) this can be identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) - Web browser fetches the data like web page, image, video or other piece of content from the server and displays it accordingly - Web browser uses hyperlinks to display the resources and allow the users to navigate their browsers according to the resources - Web browser defines the application software that is designed for the user to access and retrieve the documents using the Internet

Question 8

What are the different types of components involved in URI?

Accepted Answer

URI is known as Uniform Resource Identifier as it identifies the resources requested by clients and fetches them from the server The components that are used in URI are as follows: - http: is the first thing that is used in a URL and it is used to tell what kind of resource that needs to be retrieved over the server This includes the server details and it is itself a protocol known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that is used to fetch the information - Web browsers sometimes use the secure protocol that is represented using HTTPs used in case of secure transaction over the internet - FTP: is also a protocol that is known as File Transfer Protocol that allows the transfer from a file from local computer to server

Question 9

What are the reasons for slow loading of the web page?

Accepted Answer

- The web pages that are loading slowly might be using heavy scripts or might be getting loaded on an overloaded server - If the content like flash is used then the web page performs really slowly in comparison to the normal pages that get created - If the caching is inactive on the web browsers and the same web page is getting loaded again and again then the performance get degraded - Web pages load slowly due to the content on that page as if it is text it loads faster then the site that is made up of large photographs - It takes longer time for a picture to get rendered and the transmission time also remains higher then the text

Question 10

What are the different web browser tools available to accelerate the speed of the web page?

Accepted Answer

- Web accelerators are used to increase the loading of the web page faster and by providing extra features of caching, etc - There are tools that are provided like internet accelerator of browser accelerator that provides security from the spyware and adware programs - The security from the programs are required as they are harmful for the computer and the tools uses the strategies of pre-caching in which the data is automatically cached and when the website is opened again then the fetching is being done from the place where the content is saved - Registry tweaks are used to improve the performance offering the risk management techniques for downloading the resources

Question 11

What is the procedure to configure the web browser to accept or reject cookies?

Accepted Answer

- The web browser visits a website using the HTTP and then it keeps the track of the identity of the user visiting the web page - The cookies of HTTP get stored with the personal information of the user and it doesn’t accept the information - Users accept the cookies as by rejecting all the cookies will load the web page in longer time and it will not be desired by the users - Even if the cookie is being rejected a session cookie is being kept for use as it is the provision given to the web browser to use it - The cookies gets stored temporary basis depending on the user of accepting or rejecting it and it basically saves the session so that the duration of the page load can be reduced

Question 12

What are the ways to change the cookie setting using the web browser?

Accepted Answer

The cookie settings include the enabling and disabling of the services that are used with the web browsers The following steps are taken to set the cookies: - The TOOLS menu is being opened on web browser and the privacy tab is selected from where the privacy of individual user can be managed - Using the ADVANCED tab the options to set the cookies will be visible and it will allow the overriding of cookie - The cookies can be accepted by checking the first party cookies or the third party cookies Out of these choices the first party cookies provide more security - Check the checkbox for "Always allow session cookies" so that the session cookies can be maintained

Question 13

What is the primary function of the Web browsers?

Accepted Answer

- Web browser functions are to provide the resources or information to the user when asked by them - It processes the user inputs in the form of URL like https://wwwgooglecom in the browser and allows the access to that page - URL is used to identify the resources and fetch them from the server and displays it to the client - It allows the user to interact with the web pages and dynamic content like surveys, forms, etc - It also allows the user to navigate through the complete web page and see its source code in the HTML format - It provides security to the data and the resources that are available on the web that is by using the secure methods

Question 14

What are the principles in providing the security for the computer programs?

Accepted Answer

- The principle of least privilege is used to provide more security to the computer programs - The principle allows the designing of the program such that any unauthorized access is not allowed and only the person who owns the program will be able to access it - The services provided should be able to access only those products that need the services - Web servers that are involved in responding the queries of the web users provide only accessing to the HTML files that will serve the purpose of the programs - Computer programs should be made such that it provides secure features of logging into the program with proper authentication

Question 15

What is the Fail-safe approach?

Accepted Answer

- Fail-safe approach defines the level that divides the security such that it is safe even in case the system is failed - The fail safe approach doesn’t allow an attacker to take the advantage by breaking in the system and crashes out - This approach allows the web server to perform the routines even if the system runs out of the memory in case of any attack - The system in attacks doesn’t skip the access to the control check or it doesn’t skip serving any document requested - Fail safe approach can force the web server to run of the memory and have a DoS attack

Question 16

What is the use of Infinite file in Web security?

Accepted Answer

- Infinite file consists of random bits of code that is stored in /dev/random file used to generate the cryptographic keys - Infinite file consists of the source of infinite data that can be used to provide the response in easy manner - Web server consists of the file that is received by the server in this format GET //dev/random HTTP/10 - Web server provides the continuous data that can be read from /dev/random/ before the web server can run out of the memory - The server crashes out in case it runs out of the memory due to the infinite file type and it is very essential in case of the web security

Question 17

Write a program to fix the error being produced by the Infinite file?

Accepted Answer

- The infinite file error can be solved when the data will be read continuously from the file - The error can be solved by using the keys that provide only the resources that are required - The following program is as follows: oswwrite ("HTTP/10 200 OK

"); while (c != -1) { sbappend((char)c); c = frread(); } oswwrite (sbtoString()); - This converts the requested file in such a way that if the file exists it shows the messages as ok otherwise it shows an error - Limited file access is to be given to the file to remove the error from the infinite file type

Question 18

What are the security features being provided in web security?

Accepted Answer

Security features are very essential in the system as it provides an overall security of the system by applying the patches and the services that keeps the unwanted access away The security features included are as follows: - Use of algorithms in relation to, the security and the system to, solve the problem of the security - Use of SSL or any encryption method to, protect the system from intrusion or any other attack - Use of SSL in the SimpleWebServer that doesn’t provides the protection against the DoS attack and doesn’t allow the accessing to, be done using the /etc/shadow

Question 19

What are the ways in which attackers can infiltrate the system?

Accepted Answer

- Web servers can be infiltrated using the command shell by an attacker to read the HTML files that is getting transferred - If the set-uid scripts are not proper and bad then the infiltration can happen by the attacker - The processes are not given proper permissions so that the password can be changed by using the “passwd” command to change the password of the system - This also authenticates the user for accessing the system and the files on it containing the data - The program that is used in the operating system doesn’t follow the principle of least privilege and lead to security issues

Question 20

How E-commerce works?

Accepted Answer

=> When a consumer wants to buy a certain product, he go to the website and selects the product he wants to buy => Once the product is selected, the consumer transaction is moved to the online transaction server where he places an order => The informations is exchanged over a secure channel through a private gateway to a processing network => The networked banks accept or reject the transaction All this happens in just a matter of seconds E-commerce is a very secure due to the SSL (Secure Socket Layer) technology

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