Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Questions

• Equation of continuity for incompressible, steady flow Let a₁, v₁ be area and mean velocity at section 1, and a₂, v₂ at section 2 of the same streamtube. Select the correct continuity relation.
• Definition of a broad-crested weir A weir is termed broad-crested when the width of its crest is ____ half of the head (water depth) over the crest. Choose the correct completion.
• Capillary rise in a small tube dipped in water: identify the cause A narrow glass tube is dipped into water and the water rises in the tube. State whether the rise is due to viscosity or another effect.
• Piezometer reading: what quantity does it measure? A simple piezometer tube is connected to a pipeline to measure pressure. Choose the correct form of the measured quantity.
• Experimental determination of coefficient of viscosity Which of the following methods can be used to determine a liquid's dynamic viscosity? Select the correct option.
• Energy grade line (TEL) vs hydraulic grade line (HGL) In pipe flow, the total energy line lies above the hydraulic gradient line by what amount? Choose the correct quantity.
• Euler's equation of motion for inviscid flow: differential form Select the correct differential relation along a streamline for steady, frictionless flow of a fluid of density ρ.
• Fluid mechanics — buoyancy versus displaced liquid: sinking condition A body is immersed in a liquid. Consider the buoyant force compared to the weight of the displaced liquid as per Archimedes’ principle. Choose the correct relation that (as stated) would lead to sinking.
• Kinematic viscosity: definition check for fluids Select the correct definition of kinematic viscosity (ν) in terms of absolute (dynamic) viscosity (μ) and density (ρ). Choose the correct relationship.
• Large rectangular orifice: discharge formula in terms of heads H₁ and H₂ For a large rectangular orifice of breadth b with liquid heads H₁ (above top) and H₂ (above bottom), pick the correct discharge equation (C_d is coefficient of discharge). Choose the correct expression.
• The hydraulic gradient line may be above or below the centre line of the pipe.
• A weir is usually made of masonry or concrete.
• The viscosity of water is __________ than that of mercury.
• The atmospheric pressure at sea level is
• The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (where H1 = Total height of water above the weir = H + Ha H = Height of water, over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water, due to velocity of approach)
• The specific gravity has no units.
• The shear stress-strain graph for a newtonian fluid is a
• If a pitot tube is placed with its nose upstream, downstream or sideways, the reading will be the same in every case.
• The loss of pressure head in case of laminar flow is proportional to
• Whenever a plate is held immersed at some angle with the direction of flow of the liquid, it is subjected to some pressure. The component of this pressure, at right angles to the direction of flow of the liquid is known as lift.