In method-of-measurement terminology, excavation exceeding 1.5 m in width and 10 sq.m in plan area but with a depth not exceeding 30 cm is termed as which type of item?

Introduction / Context:
Different excavation items are distinguished by width, area, and depth because equipment, productivity, and disposal differ. Recognizing the correct classification ensures the correct rate basis and prevents disputes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Width > 1.5 m and plan area > 10 sq.m.
• Depth ≤ 0.30 m.
• Open excavation near the surface.

Concept / Approach:
Shallow removals over larger areas are classified as 'surface excavation'. In contrast, 'surface dressing' typically refers to light trimming or removing vegetation/topsoil to a very shallow depth (often up to 15 cm). Deeper or narrower cuts fall under general excavation or trenching items.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Check thresholds: depth ≤ 0.30 m → qualifies as shallow.2) Area and width exceed minimums → it is not a trench or isolated pit.3) Hence, classify the item as 'surface excavation'.

Verification / Alternative check:
Schedules of Rates and IS measurement guidelines enumerate 'surface excavation' with limits closely matching the given thresholds.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Excavation/Cutting: Generic terms but typically used for deeper removals.
• Surface dressing: Shallower and lighter operation than specified here.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing topsoil stripping (surface dressing) with surface excavation.
• Misclassifying trenches as surface excavation when width ≤ 1.5 m.

Final Answer:
Surface excavation.