Question 1

What is NTFS?

Accepted Answer

NTFS is short for New Technology File System It is the standard file system that is being used by operating systems starting from Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and even the newer versions like Vista and 7 It was originally designed to have a better performance on file storage and retrieval under the Windows NT family

Question 2

Why is it that you cannot overload the scope resolution operator (::)?

Accepted Answer

The main reason why the scope resolution operator (::) cannot be overloaded is that only operators that take in values as parameters can be overloaded The scope resolution operator does not take a value as parameter

Question 3

What are Microsoft security patches?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft security patches are intended to solve certain security loopholes and problems, while at the same time upgrading any existing security features This would provide better protection by reducing vulnerabilities in security

Question 4

How does Microsoft classify security threats to its software?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft classifies such threats into 4 indicators, which are low, moderate, important, and critical Such indicators are available as reference under the Microsoft bulletin

Question 5

What File system is supported by Windows XP?

Accepted Answer

Windows XP supports four major file systems: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS This means that Windows XP can be installed on these file systems The use of NTFS is preferred especially when using a bigger hard drive space

Question 6

What is the difference between a Windows server operating system and a workstation version?

Accepted Answer

The server version of a Windows operating system is designed to provide more optimized networking services over a network It can manage domains better and it includes more security feature and data backup support Workstation versions act merely as clients and therefore do not need to have as much resources when compared to the server versions

Question 7

What is the purpose of creating partitions for a Windows operating system?

Accepted Answer

Creating partition may serve different purposes The common reason is that a separate partition can be used to store data files so that when Windows needs to be reinstalled, the main partition can be formatted without fear of loosing data, which are stored on the other partition

Question 8

What files are important in a bootable Windows XP operating system?

Accepted Answer

There are four important files in order to make a bootable Windows XP operating system These are Ntldr, Ntdetect, Bootini and Ntfssys

Question 9

What is COM?

Accepted Answer

COM is short for Component Object Model It is a Microsoft technology that allows developers to make use of reusable components and services provided by Microsoft COM technology includes COM+, DCOM and ActiveX

Question 10

Differentiate linked list from arrays.

Accepted Answer

Arrays can store data in a fix allotted space The use of linked list allows more flexibility because space is dynamically allocated as needed

Question 11

What is dual-boot system?

Accepted Answer

Dual boot system allows you to install and maintain two operating systems on a single PC The purpose for this is to maintain compatibility between older and newer software For example, there maybe programs that only work under Windows 98, therefore having a dual boot system between Windows 98 and another version like Windows XP is a good choice

Question 12

Explain the basic difference between 32-bit and 64-bit operating system?

Accepted Answer

A 32 bit processor is faster than a 64 bit processor, 64 bit processors are very commonly used that you can find it easily in any home pc but the main difference is the hardware you are having on your machine For 32 bits there isn't any need of any wide main bus to carry 32 bits at a time but for 64 bits its must that you should have a wider bus to carry 64bits

Question 13

What exactly do you mean by UDP?

Accepted Answer

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a communications protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 14

What are the different types of system calls?

Accepted Answer

The main types of system calls are as follows: Process Control: These types of system calls are used to control the processes Some examples are end, abort, load, execute, create process, terminate process etc File Management: These types of system calls are used to manage files Some examples are Create file, delete file, open, close, read, write etc Device Management: These types of system calls are used to manage devices Some examples are Request device, release device, read, write, get device attributes etc Information Maintenance: These types of system calls are used to set system data and get process information Some examples are time, OS parameters, id, time used etc Communications: These types of system calls are used to establish a connection Some examples are send message, received messages, terminate etc

Question 15

Define stored procedure. What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Accepted Answer

A stored procedure is a segment of declarative SQL statements stored inside the database catalog A stored procedure can be invoked by triggers, other stored procedures or applications such as Java, C#, PHP, etc Advantages - Typically stored procedures help increase the performance of the applications Once created, stored procedures are compiled and stored in the database However MySQL implements the stored procedures slightly different MySQL stored procedures are compiled on demand After compiling a stored procedure, MySQL puts it to a cache And MySQL maintains its own stored procedure cache for every single connection If an application uses a stored procedure multiple times in a single connection, the compiled version is used, otherwise the stored procedure works like a query - Stored procedures helps reduce the traffic between application and database server because instead of sending multiple lengthy SQL statements, the application has to send only name and parameters of the stored procedure - Stored procedures are reusable and transparent to any applications Stored procedures expose the database interface to all applications so that developers don’t have to develop functions that are already supported in stored procedures - Stored procedures are secure Database administrator can grant appropriate permissions to applications that access stored procedures in the database without giving any permission on the underlying database tables Disadvantages - If you use a lot of stored procedures, the memory usage of every connection that is using those stored procedures will increase substantially In addition, if you overuse a large number of logical operations inside store procedures, the CPU usage will also increase because database server is not well-designed for logical operations - A constructs of stored procedures make it more difficult to develop stored procedures that have complicated business logic - It is difficult to debug stored procedures Only few database management systems allow you to debug stored procedures Unfortunately, MySQL does not provide facilities for debugging stored procedures -It is not easy to develop and maintain stored procedures Developing and maintaining stored procedures are often required specialized skill set that not all application developers possess This may lead to problems in both application development and maintenance phases

Question 16

Write an algorithm to separate all ones & zeroes in an array.

Accepted Answer

1 Have two indexes pointing to two ends of array, say i and j 2 Approach towards each other with a check condition that they dont cross each other 3 Each iteration of while loop, swap the numbers pointed by two indexes when num[i] index number is not equal to 1 void sort() { int a[]={1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0}; int i=0; int j=13; int temp; while(j>i) { if(a[i]==1) i++; if(a[j]==0) j--; if(a[i]==0) { temp=a[i]; a[i]=a[j]; a[j]=temp; } } for(i=0;i<14;i++) ConsoleWrite(a[i]+", "); } Output: 1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

Question 17

How would you reverse a doubly-linked list?

Accepted Answer

This problem isn't too hard You just need to start at the head of the list, and iterate to the end At each node, swap the values of pNext and pPrev Finally, set pHead to the last node in the list Node * pCurrent = pHead, *pTemp; while (pCurrent) { pTemp = pCurrent->pNext; pCurrent->pNext = pCurrent->pPrev; pCurrent->pPrev = temp; pHead = pCurrent; pCurrent = temp; }

Question 18

Write a method to fill all the spaces in a string with '%20'

Accepted Answer

public class Test { public void replaseSpaces(char[] str, int length) { int spaceCount = 0, newLength = 0, i = 0; for(i = 0; i < length; i++) { if (str[i] == ' ') spaceCount++; } newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2); str[newLength] = '\0'; for(i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (str[i] == ' ') { str[newLength - 1] = '0'; str[newLength - 2] = '2'; str[newLength - 3] = '%'; newLength = newLength - 3; } else { str[newLength - 1] = str[i]; newLength = newLength - 1; } } Systemoutprintln(str); } public static void main(String[] args) { Test tst = new Test(); char[] ch = {'t', 'h', 'e', ' ', 'd', 'o', 'g', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' '}; int length = 6; tstreplaseSpaces(ch, length); } }

Question 19

Difference between system call and API

Accepted Answer

A system call is a functionsubroutine which interrupts the currently executing program and transfers control to the interrupt routineThe contents of the executing program are saved and after the interrupt routine finishes its function,control is transferred back to the executing program If we talk in the context of Linux then System calls are called kernel mode Whereas API (Application Programming Interface) is a function or a set of functions, objects, protocols or data-structures for the support of application development for developers/programmers It is actually a kind of function definition which specifies how to make available of a specific service of the system/OS to the other program/process or system Read more at: https://wwwqueryhomecom/48442/os-what-is-difference-between-system-call-and-api

Question 20

What is Marshalling?

Accepted Answer

Marshalling is the process of gathering data from one or more applications or non-contiguous sources in computer storage, putting the data pieces into a message buffer, and organizing or converting the data into a format that is prescribed for a particular receiver or programming interface

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