Introduction / Context:
During monsoons, contamination of surface and groundwater often leads to outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, and cholera. This “courses of action” question asks which responses are immediately logical and effective given the stated surge in cases.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Disease incidence has already risen during the monsoon.
- Objective is to reduce new infections and manage current cases.
- Course I: Raise the issue in the Legislative Assembly.
- Course II: Provide public information on safe drinking water (boiling, chlorination, point-of-use hygiene).
- Course III: Equip hospitals to handle increased monsoon caseloads (beds, ORS, IV fluids, antibiotics, lab capacity).
Concept / Approach:
- Immediate, actionable public-health measures should directly mitigate risk and impact.
- Risk communication and facility preparedness are primary outbreak responses.
- Legislative debate can be useful but does not ensure timely operational control during an ongoing spike.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Assess Course II: Targeted information lowers exposure by promoting boiling/filtration, safe storage, and chlorination. This directly addresses transmission; therefore it follows.Assess Course III: Scaling clinical readiness (triage, supplies, infection prevention) reduces morbidity and mortality; therefore it follows.Assess Course I: Legislative discussion may be long-winded and indirect; during an acute spike, executional measures take precedence. Hence I does not necessarily follow immediately.
Verification / Alternative check:
Public-health playbooks emphasize risk communication, water treatment, surveillance, and surge capacity in facilities—matching II and III.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
All follow: Overstates the urgency of a legislative step when operational actions are needed now.Only I and II / Only I and III: Retain a slow or indirect item (I) while omitting a critical operational step.None follows: Contradicts standard outbreak management.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing policy debate with crisis response; immediate risk reduction and care capacity matter most.
Final Answer:
Only II and III follow
Discussion & Comments