Question 1

Pointing towards a boy, a girl says, "He is the only son of my mother brother." How is the girl related to the boy?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This is a very standard blood relation question built around the idea of a maternal uncle. The girl points to a boy and describes him as the only son of her mother brother. From this description you must determine how she is related to the boy. These kinds of questions appear frequently in reasoning tests. Given Data / Assumptions: A girl is pointing at a boy. She says, "He is the only son of my mother brother." "My mother brother" is the girl maternal uncle. The boy is the only son of that maternal uncle. We assume a normal family where children of siblings are cousins. Concept / Approach:The central idea is to recognise that "my mother brother" is your maternal uncle, and the son of your maternal uncle is your cousin. The girl who is speaking is the daughter of the uncle sister. The boy is the son of that uncle. Therefore they are children of siblings and hence first cousins. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: Identify the relative described by "my mother brother". He is the brother of the girl mother and is therefore the girl maternal uncle.Step 2: The boy is the only son of this maternal uncle. So the boy is the uncle son.Step 3: The girl herself is the daughter of the uncle sister, namely her mother.Step 4: Thus, the girl mother and the boy father are siblings.Step 5: Children of siblings are first cousins to each other.Step 6: Therefore, the girl and the boy are cousins, and from the girl side she is the cousin sister of the boy. Verification / Alternative check:Imagine names. Let the girl mother be Meera and her brother be Suresh. Suresh is the girl maternal uncle. If Suresh has one son named Rohan, then Rohan is the only son of Meera brother. The girl is Meera daughter. Since Meera and Suresh are siblings, their children are cousins. That means the girl is a cousin of Rohan. This matches the reasoning above. Why Other Options Are Wrong:The girl is not the boy grandmother or mother because they are in the same generation, not separated by a generation gap. She is not his aunt, because an aunt would be a sister of one of his parents, not a child of his parent sibling. The only correct same-generation relationship formed by children of siblings is cousin. Common Pitfalls:Some learners confuse the roles and think the girl could be an aunt if they misread "my mother brother" as "my brother mother". Careful reading is important. Another mistake is to think that only sons or only daughters change the basic cousin relationship, but the number of children does not change the fundamental type of relation between generations. Final Answer:The girl is related to the boy as his cousin.

Question 2

Simmi father wife father granddaughter uncle will be related to Simmi as what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question compresses several family relations into a single long phrase: "Simmi father wife father granddaughter uncle". The task is to unravel this chain step by step and see who we end up with, and then identify how that person is related to Simmi. This is a typical multi layer blood relation puzzle. Given Data / Assumptions: We start from Simmi. We move to Simmi father. We then take Simmi father wife, who is Simmi mother. From there we go to that wife father, who is Simmi maternal grandfather. Then we consider the granddaughter of that grandfather. Finally we look at that granddaughter uncle. We assume full siblings and a normal family structure unless otherwise mentioned. Concept / Approach:The best way to handle such a chain is to walk through it slowly, replacing each phrase with the corresponding family member. Once we reach "granddaughter", we can reasonably choose Simmi herself as that granddaughter, since Simmi maternal grandfather would naturally have Simmi as a granddaughter. Then the uncle of that granddaughter is a brother of her parent. That is exactly what we mean by an uncle in everyday language. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: "Simmi father" is simply Simmi father.Step 2: "Simmi father wife" is Simmi mother, because she is married to Simmi father.Step 3: "Simmi father wife father" is the father of Simmi mother, that is, Simmi maternal grandfather.Step 4: "Granddaughter" of this maternal grandfather refers to any female grandchild through his children.Step 5: A natural and common exam assumption is to take Simmi herself as this granddaughter, since she is a female child of one of the grandfather children.Step 6: "Granddaughter uncle" means the uncle of that granddaughter. For Simmi, an uncle is a brother of her mother or a brother of her father.Step 7: In this chain we came through the maternal side, so the most direct interpretation is that the uncle is Simmi maternal uncle, that is, a brother of Simmi mother.Step 8: Therefore, the final person in the chain is Simmi uncle. Verification / Alternative check:Use concrete names. Let Simmi parents be Ajay and Meena. Meena father is Raghav, Simmi maternal grandfather. Raghav grandchildren include Simmi and possibly her sisters or cousins. We can choose Simmi as the granddaughter in the phrase. The uncle of Simmi is either Meena brother or Ajay brother. Since our chain passed through Meena father, the most natural uncle referenced is Meena brother, say Sunil. So the person at the end is Sunil, who is Simmi maternal uncle. Among the options, uncle fits best. Why Other Options Are Wrong:The person is not Simmi son or nephew, because those would be younger generation relatives. He is not Simmi grandfather, because the grandfather appeared earlier in the chain and we moved one level down again. Cousin would be the child of an uncle or aunt, not the uncle himself. The relation is clearly that of an uncle to Simmi. Common Pitfalls:Many learners lose track in the middle of the chain, especially around "granddaughter". It helps to draw small stick figures or boxes and to write under them who they are. Another mistake is to assume the granddaughter must be a different person, but taking Simmi herself as that granddaughter is both valid and leads to the cleanest consistent interpretation. Final Answer:The person at the end of the chain is Simmi uncle.

Question 3

A, B, C, D, E and F are six members of a family. One married couple in this family has their parents and their children also included. A is the son of C and E is the daughter of A. D is the daughter of F, who is the mother of E. Which of the followi…

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Introduction / Context:This reasoning puzzle describes a six member family with one married couple whose parents and children are also part of the same group. You have to decide which pair represents the parents of that married couple. The question mixes generation information with parent child clues and asks you to identify the elder generation pair. Given Data / Assumptions: Members are A, B, C, D, E and F. There is one married couple whose parents and children are also in the family. So the set includes grandparents, the couple, and their children. A is the son of C. E is the daughter of A. D is the daughter of F. F is the mother of E. We assume ordinary monogamous relationships and shared parents for full siblings. Concept / Approach:The first step is to find the married couple. Since F is the mother of E and A is the father of E, A and F together form a natural candidate for the couple. Once that pair is fixed, A and F are in the middle generation, and their children are D and E. The remaining two members, B and C, must then be in the grandparent generation. Using the given fact that A is the son of C, we can infer that C is one parent of the couple, and B must be the other parent in order to complete the pattern of "parents of the married couple". Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: From "E is the daughter of A" and "F is the mother of E", it follows that A and F are the parents of E and therefore a married couple.Step 2: From "D is the daughter of F", and given that F is married to A, D is also a child of A and F.Step 3: So A and F form the married couple in the middle generation, with children D and E in the younger generation.Step 4: That leaves B and C as the two remaining members who must be in the grandparent generation.Step 5: From "A is the son of C", we know C is one parent of A.Step 6: Since A is part of the married couple A and F, the phrase "parents of the couple" refers to the parents of A and the parents of F.Step 7: Given the family size and structure, B and C together must be the parents of A and F, that is, the parents of the married couple. Verification / Alternative check:Consider a possible arrangement. Let B and C be the grandparents. Their children are A and F, who are the married couple. A and F have two daughters, D and E. This arrangement satisfies all statements: A is son of C, E is daughter of A, F is mother of E, and D is daughter of F. The family thus consists of grandparents (B and C), the couple (A and F), and their children (D and E). So the parents of the couple are indeed B and C. Why Other Options Are Wrong:A and B cannot be the parents of the couple because A is part of the couple, not their parent. A and F are the couple themselves, not the parents of the couple. C and F also include F, who is a member of the couple, not a parent of it. D and E are the children of the couple, not their parents. Only the pair B and C fits the role of parents of the married couple. Common Pitfalls:Some learners mistakenly think that C and F might be the couple because C is the parent of A and F is the mother of E, but that contradicts the structure that A is the son of C and also the father of E. Always separate the generations clearly: grandparents, parents, and children. Once you locate the middle generation couple, the parents of that couple must come from the remaining older family members. Final Answer:The parents of the married couple are B and C.

Question 4

In a family of six persons A, B, C, D, E and F, the professions are lawyer, doctor, teacher, salesman, engineer and accountant. D, who is the salesman, is married to the lady who is the teacher. The doctor is married to the lawyer. F, the accountant…

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Introduction / Context:This is a more complex family and profession puzzle. It requires you to track who is married to whom, who is whose child, and who has which profession. After building the entire family structure, you must answer a specific question about the relationship between D and F. Given Data / Assumptions: The six members are A, B, C, D, E and F. The professions are lawyer, doctor, teacher, salesman, engineer and accountant. D is the salesman and is married to the lady teacher. The doctor is married to the lawyer. F is the accountant, the son of B and the brother of E. C is the lawyer and the daughter-in-law of A. E is the unmarried engineer. A is the grandmother of F. There are exactly two married couples in the family. Concept / Approach:The plan is to identify the married couples and then place everyone into generations. From the daughter-in-law clue, we can identify one couple, and from the salesman and teacher clue, the other couple. Once that structure is clear, the generational positions of D and F can be compared to determine whether D is a father, grandfather, uncle or brother of F. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: From "C is the lawyer and the doctor is married to the lawyer", it follows that C is the lawyer spouse and the doctor is married to C.Step 2: C is also the daughter-in-law of A, which means C is married to A son. Therefore, the doctor, who is C spouse, is A son.Step 3: F is the accountant, son of B and brother of E. We also know that A is the grandmother of F. Thus A is the mother of B, and B is a child of A.Step 4: Since the doctor must be the son of A and is also a distinct member from A and C, B fits this role. So B is the doctor and is married to C, the lawyer. This forms one married couple: B and C.Step 5: The second married couple uses D, the salesman, who is married to the lady teacher. The only remaining female who can be the teacher is A, because C is the lawyer and E is the engineer. Thus A is the teacher and is married to D, the salesman.Step 6: A is stated to be the grandmother of F. If A is married to D, then D is A husband and stands in the same grandparent generation as A.Step 7: Therefore, D is the grandfather of F. Verification / Alternative check:Summarise the arrangement. Couple one: D (salesman, grandfather) married to A (teacher, grandmother). Couple two: B (doctor, son of A and D) married to C (lawyer, daughter-in-law of A and D). Their children are F (accountant, son of B and C) and E (unmarried engineer). This assignment satisfies every condition given. From this family tree, D is clearly one generation above F as the husband of F grandmother, making him F grandfather. Why Other Options Are Wrong:D is not the father of F, because B is explicitly given as the parent of F. D is not F uncle, because uncles are siblings of parents, but D is the parent of B, not B sibling. D is not F brother, since he is one generation older. There is no information supporting D as a cousin of F. The only correct generational relationship is that D is F grandfather. Common Pitfalls:A common source of confusion is mixing up the two married couples or misassigning professions, such as trying to make A the lawyer or C the teacher. Another error is forgetting that A is the grandmother of F, which forces A into the older generation and ensures that the teacher married to D is in the grandparent generation. Always verify that every clue is used; if any statement is left unused, your arrangement may be incomplete or inconsistent. Final Answer:D is related to F as his grandfather.

Question 5

A family consists of six members P, Q, R, X, Y and Z. Q is the son of R but R is not the mother of Q. P and R are a married couple. Y is the brother of R. X is the daughter of P. Z is the brother of P. How many female members are there in this famil…

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Introduction / Context:This problem asks you to count how many female members are present in a six member family using only relationship clues. To answer correctly, you must determine the gender of each person by using words like son, brother, daughter and the fact that P and R form a married couple. Given Data / Assumptions: Members are P, Q, R, X, Y and Z. Q is the son of R, and R is not the mother of Q. P and R are a married couple. Y is the brother of R. X is the daughter of P. Z is the brother of P. We assume a heterosexual married couple and standard meanings for son, daughter, brother and sister. Concept / Approach:The idea is to classify each family member as male or female using the relationship words. Then, once everyone is classified, we simply count the females. The phrase "R is not the mother of Q" is crucial, because it implies that R is the father, and therefore P must be the wife and female spouse in the married couple. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: Q is the son of R, so Q is male. R is a parent, but the next statement says R is not the mother of Q.Step 2: If R is not the mother of Q but is a parent, then R must be the father. Hence R is male.Step 3: P and R are a married couple. Since R is male, P must be female as the wife in a standard family structure.Step 4: Y is the brother of R, so Y is male.Step 5: X is the daughter of P. Daughter implies female, so X is female.Step 6: Z is the brother of P, so Z is male.Step 7: Summarise genders: P (female), Q (male), R (male), X (female), Y (male), Z (male).Step 8: Count the females. P and X are female. Thus there are exactly two female members in the family. Verification / Alternative check:Place the members into a quick table. Married couple: P (wife, female) and R (husband, male). Children: Q is the son of R and therefore male, X is the daughter of P and therefore female. Siblings: Y is brother of R and male, Z is brother of P and also male. The final gender count is four males (Q, R, Y, Z) and two females (P, X). This matches the count of two female members. Why Other Options Are Wrong:A count of 1 would ignore either P or X as female, which contradicts the explicit daughter relation. Counts of 3, 4 or 5 would require us to treat some person marked as brother or son as female, which again contradicts given data. Only the count of 2 is consistent with all the gender clues. Common Pitfalls:One common mistake is to misinterpret "R is not the mother of Q" and assume that R might still be female, but the wording clearly separates the parental role and the gender, forcing R to be the father. Another error is to forget to count X as female in the final tally. Writing down each person with an M or F next to their name usually prevents such mistakes. Final Answer:There are 2 female members in the family.

Question 6

All six members of a family A, B, C, D, E and F are travelling together. B is the son of C but C is not the mother of B. A and C are a married couple. E is the brother of C. D is the daughter of A. F is the brother of B. How is E related to D?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question describes a six member family and asks you to identify how one member, E, is related to another member, D. The key is to place everyone correctly into generations using clues about sons, daughters, brothers and the married couple A and C. Given Data / Assumptions: Family members: A, B, C, D, E and F. B is the son of C, but C is not the mother of B. A and C are a married couple. E is the brother of C. D is the daughter of A. F is the brother of B. We assume A and C form a standard husband and wife pair and that children of a couple have both of them as parents. Concept / Approach:The phrase "B is the son of C, but C is not the mother of B" tells us that C is male and must be the father of B. Since A and C are a married couple, A becomes the mother in the pair. Then, since D is the daughter of A, D is also a child of C. Once that is clear, E, who is the brother of C, lies one generation above D, making E an uncle of D. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: From "B is the son of C, but C is not the mother of B", we conclude that C is a parent of B but not female, so C is the father of B.Step 2: A and C are a married couple. If C is the husband and father, then A is the wife and mother in the family.Step 3: D is the daughter of A. Since A and C are married, D is also the daughter of C. Thus B and D are siblings, children of A and C.Step 4: E is the brother of C. This means E is in the same generation as C and is another child of C parents.Step 5: Since C is the father of D, and E is C brother, E is an uncle of D.Step 6: The question asks, "How is E related to D?" The correct relationship is uncle. Verification / Alternative check:We can sketch the family tree. Put A and C in the parent generation as a married couple. Their children are B (son) and D (daughter). E is the brother of C, so E belongs to the same generation as A and C, not the children generation. F is the brother of B and thus another child of A and C. Looking at D, her father is C, and E is C brother, so E is clearly D paternal uncle. Why Other Options Are Wrong:E is not the father of D, because the father role is filled by C. E is not the brother of D, because he is in the parent generation, not in the children generation. E is not the grandfather of D, because there is no suggestion that he is the father of A or C. The relationship is fully determined and does not remain ambiguous, so "cannot be determined" is also incorrect. Common Pitfalls:A common error is to misread the line "C is not the mother of B" and assume that C might be an aunt or some other relative. In fact, that line is explicitly there to force you to recognise C as the father. Another mistake is to treat E as a sibling of B or D instead of correctly placing him as a sibling of C. Carefully distinguishing generations is crucial to solving such problems reliably. Final Answer:E is related to D as an uncle.

Question 7

A family consists of six members P, Q, R, X, Y and Z. Q is the son of R but R is not the mother of Q. P and R are a married couple. Y is the brother of R. X is the daughter of P. Z is the brother of P. Who is the father of Q?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question is set in the same six member family used in other problems and focuses on a single detail: determining who the father of Q is. The wording "Q is the son of R but R is not the mother of Q" is designed to make you think carefully about the gender of R. Given Data / Assumptions: Family members: P, Q, R, X, Y and Z. Q is the son of R. R is not the mother of Q. P and R are a married couple. Y is the brother of R. X is the daughter of P. Z is the brother of P. We assume that in a married couple one is male and one is female. Concept / Approach:The central idea is that if Q is the son of R, then R is a parent of Q. The statement that R is not the mother rules out the female parent role. Therefore, R must be the father. Since P and R are a married couple, P becomes the mother. This logic directly answers the question. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: From "Q is the son of R", we know Q is a male child of R.Step 2: The next statement, "R is not the mother of Q", tells us that R is not the female parent of Q.Step 3: Since R is not the mother but still a parent of Q, R must be the father of Q.Step 4: P and R are a married couple, so if R is male, P must be female and hence Q mother.Step 5: The question asks, "Who is the father of Q?" From the reasoning above, R is clearly the father. Verification / Alternative check:Imagine names. Let R be Raj and P be Preeta. If Q is the son of Raj, and Raj is not the mother, Raj must be the father. Preeta then becomes Q mother as Raj wife. Other relatives Y, X and Z help complete the family picture but do not change this basic parent child relationship. The answer remains that Raj, that is R, is the father of Q. Why Other Options Are Wrong:P cannot be the father because P is the spouse of R and must take the other gender role, which is the mother. Z is the brother of P, and Y is the brother of R, so both belong to the parental generation but are not parents of Q according to the information given. "None of these" is incorrect because we have a clear and specific person, R, who fulfils the father role. Common Pitfalls:Some learners misinterpret "R is not the mother of Q" as suggesting R might not be a parent at all, but the first part of the sentence firmly declares R as the parent. Another mistake is to focus on extra details like Y and Z and overcomplicate the question. In such cases it helps to extract only the lines that directly involve Q and R and solve from there. Final Answer:Q father is R.

Question 8

A family consists of six members P, Q, R, S, T and U. There are two married couples. Q is a doctor and the father of T. U is the grandfather of R and is a contractor. S is the grandmother of T and is a housewife. There is one doctor, one contractor,…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question combines profession clues, generational information and the number of married couples to build a complete family picture. Once the structure is clear, the problem asks a focused question: who is the husband of P? To answer, you must identify both married couples and the role of each person. Given Data / Assumptions: The family members are P, Q, R, S, T and U. There are exactly two married couples in the family. Q is a doctor and the father of T. U is the grandfather of R and is a contractor. S is the grandmother of T and is a housewife. There is one doctor, one contractor, one nurse, one housewife and two students in total. We assume a standard generational structure and that grandparents are a married pair. Concept / Approach:The basic strategy is to identify the grandparent couple and the parent couple. S is the grandmother of T and U is the grandfather of R. The only way to fit two married couples into six people while satisfying all the roles is to make U and S one married couple and Q and P the other. Once that is done, Q and P are the parents of T, and the job and relationship clues fit together neatly. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: S is the grandmother of T and is a housewife. U is the grandfather of R and is a contractor.Step 2: It is natural and efficient in such puzzles to treat the grandfather and grandmother as a married couple. Hence U and S form one married couple in the grandparent generation.Step 3: Q is the father of T and a doctor, so Q is in the parent generation below U and S.Step 4: S is the grandmother of T, which means T is a grandchild of U and S. The parents of T are Q and Q spouse. S is the mother or mother-in-law of Q spouse.Step 5: There must be one more married couple involving Q, since U and S already form one couple and the total number of married couples is two.Step 6: The only candidate left to be Q spouse and complete the second couple is P. Hence Q and P are the second married couple.Step 7: Therefore Q is the husband of P. Verification / Alternative check:Assign plausible roles. Let U and S be grandparents, a contractor and a housewife. Let Q be their son, a doctor, married to P, who can be the nurse. They have a child T who is a student. R can be another student grandchild of U and S through Q and P or through another child. The professions then are: Q doctor, U contractor, P nurse, S housewife, R and T students. There are two married couples: U with S, and Q with P. This uses all clues correctly and confirms that Q is P husband. Why Other Options Are Wrong:R and T are in the student generation and are too young to be the spouse of P in this structure. U is the grandfather of R and belongs to the grandparent generation, where he is already paired with S. S is female and is herself a grandmother, so she cannot be the husband of P. Only Q fits the role of P husband. Common Pitfalls:Some learners try to make U the husband of P or mix up which people form the married couples, which then breaks either the count of married couples or the professional distribution. A consistent approach is to first fix the grandparent couple using the grandfather and grandmother clues, then assign the second couple naturally to the parent generation where Q, as father of T, clearly needs a spouse. Final Answer:The husband of P is Q.

Question 9

There are six persons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Person 3 is the sister of 6. Person 2 is the brother of the husband of 5. Person 4 is the father of 1 and the grandfather of 6. There are two fathers, three brothers and one mother in the group. Which of th…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question describes a small group of six people and gives several family relationships among them. You are told that in this group there are exactly two fathers, three brothers and one mother. The task is to determine which triple of persons are the three brothers. Given Data / Assumptions: The persons are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Person 3 is the sister of 6, so 3 is female and 6 is a sibling of 3. Person 2 is the brother of the husband of 5, so 2 is male and 5 is female. Person 4 is the father of 1 and the grandfather of 6. This implies that 4 is male and that 1 is the parent of 6. There are exactly two fathers, three brothers and one mother in the group. We assume a single nuclear family structure to connect these relationships. Concept / Approach:First we identify the generations: 4 is the oldest generation as the father of 1 and grandfather of 6. Person 1 is the parent of 6 and hence in the middle generation. Person 5 is female and married to someone; her husband, together with 2 as his brother, will help identify the brothers. The idea is to work out who the two fathers are and then see which three males are brothers according to the family structure. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: From "4 is the father of 1 and grandfather of 6", we know 4 is male and 1 is the child of 4. Since 4 is also the grandfather of 6, 1 is a parent of 6.Step 2: Person 3 is the sister of 6. So 3 and 6 are siblings and both are children of 1 and 1 spouse.Step 3: There is one mother in the group, and that role naturally fits person 5, who is female and has a husband.Step 4: If 5 is the mother of 3 and 6, then her husband must be 1, who is already known to be the parent of 6. Thus 1 is male, husband of 5, and father of 3 and 6.Step 5: Person 2 is the brother of the husband of 5. Since the husband of 5 is 1, person 2 is the brother of 1. So 1 and 2 are brothers.Step 6: Person 6 is also the son of 1 and 5, and since 3 is specified as his sister, 6 is male. Thus 6 is another brother in the younger generation.Step 7: The two fathers in the group are 4 (father of 1) and 1 (father of 3 and 6). The three brothers are persons 1, 2 and 6. Verification / Alternative check:Summarise the structure. Oldest generation: 4 (father of 1) and his spouse (not explicitly in the group). Middle generation: 1 and 2 are brothers, with 1 married to 5, the only mother. Youngest generation: 3 (sister) and 6 (brother) are children of 1 and 5. The brothers across the family are 1 and 2 in the parent generation, and 6 in the children generation. Thus the exact set of three brothers is 1, 2 and 6. Why Other Options Are Wrong:Option a includes 3, who is explicitly described as a sister, not a brother. Option b includes 3 again, which cannot be correct. Option c includes 4, who is the father of 1 and not a brother in the sense intended by the question. Option e includes 4, but 4 is a father and grandfather, not part of the trio of brothers. Only option d groups persons 1, 2 and 6, which matches the analysis. Common Pitfalls:Many learners misread the phrase "there are three brothers in the group" as meaning three men of the same generation who are all brothers to each other. In fact, the question simply counts people who are brothers to someone. It is entirely possible for one brother to belong to the parent generation and another to the child generation, as long as the relationship statements support it. Final Answer:The group of brothers is 1, 2 and 6.

Question 10

P son Q is married to R. R sister S is married to T, who is the brother of Q. How is S related to P?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This blood relation question involves two marriages inside one family. P has a son Q who marries R. R sister S then marries T, who is the brother of Q. The problem asks how S is related to P. It tests whether you can follow marriage ties and identify in-laws correctly. Given Data / Assumptions: P has a son named Q. Q is married to R. R has a sister S. S is married to T. T is the brother of Q. We assume a standard family with siblings sharing parents and marriages forming new in-law relationships. Concept / Approach:The approach is to place P and P children first, then add the spouses. Q is clearly one son of P. Q has a brother T, so P has at least two sons. When T marries S, S becomes the wife of a son of P. The wife of a son is always a daughter-in-law of the parents of that son. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: P is the parent of Q, and Q is male (described as P son).Step 2: Q is married to R, so R is the wife of Q and therefore one daughter-in-law of P.Step 3: R has a sister S. So S and R are two sisters in the same generation, daughters of some other parents.Step 4: S is married to T. Since T is the brother of Q, T is another son of P.Step 5: Therefore S is married to T, P son. This makes S another daughter-in-law of P.Step 6: The question asks, "How is S related to P?" So S is P daughter-in-law. Verification / Alternative check:Use concrete names. Let P be Parul. Parul sons are Q (say, Qasim) and T (say, Tarun). Qasim marries Riya, who has a sister Siya. Later, Tarun marries Siya. From Parul point of view, Riya and Siya are both wives of her sons. Hence both are daughters-in-law. Looking at Siya in particular, she is clearly a daughter-in-law of Parul, which matches the reasoning. Why Other Options Are Wrong:S is not P sister because they are in different generations. S is not merely P sister-in-law, as that term usually refers to a sibling of a spouse or the wife of a sibling, not the wife of a child. S is not P cousin or aunt either; both of those belong to another part of the family tree. The specific and correct in-law relationship for the wife of a son is daughter-in-law. Common Pitfalls:Some learners get distracted by the presence of two marriages and think S must be related through R instead of through T. While S is indeed R sister and Q sister-in-law, the question is about S relation to P. The clearest path is through T: S is the wife of T, who is P son, making S a daughter-in-law of P. Final Answer:S is related to P as a daughter-in-law.

Question 11

The coded relations are as follows: B3D means B is the father of D, B7D means B is the sister of D, B2D means B is the brother of D and B1D means B is the wife of D. Which of the following expressions means that F is the mother of K?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This is a symbolic blood relation question. Specific symbols represent simple family relations, and you need to find which combination of symbols expresses the idea that F is the mother of K. It checks your ability to decode and combine symbolic statements correctly. Given Data / Assumptions: B3D means B is the father of D. B7D means B is the sister of D. B2D means B is the brother of D. B1D means B is the wife of D. We want an expression that shows F is the mother of K. A mother is a female parent, typically the wife of the father of a child. Concept / Approach:To show that F is the mother of K, we need to establish that F is female and that she is a parent of K. The symbols given allow us to show that someone is a father and that someone is a wife. The usual approach is to say that F is the wife of a man M, and that M is the father of K. That automatically makes F the mother of K. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: We want F to be female and a parent of K. The code B1D means B is the wife of D, so in an expression of the form F1M, F would be the wife (female spouse) of M.Step 2: To connect this to K, we can use the code B3D, which means B is the father of D. So M3K would mean M is the father of K.Step 3: Together, F1M3K reads as follows: F is the wife of M, and M is the father of K.Step 4: If M is the father of K and F is M wife, then F is the mother of K in a standard family structure.Step 5: Among the options, F1M3K is exactly this combination, so it represents F as the mother of K. Verification / Alternative check:Check the other options briefly. Expression F3M1K would start with F as the father of M, which already makes F male, not female, and then M as the wife of K, which is inconsistent. Expressions that include symbols like 9, 4 or 5 are not defined in the problem statement, so they cannot be interpreted correctly. Expression K3M4N5F is not meaningful under the given codes. Therefore, F1M3K is the only expression that decodes cleanly and matches the requirement that F is the mother of K. Why Other Options Are Wrong:Option a makes F the father, not the mother. Option b uses undefined symbols and does not give a clear meaning. Option c also uses undefined codes and puts F at the end in a way that cannot create a mother relation. Option e, M1F3K, would decode as M is the wife of F and F is the father of K, which would again make F male. Common Pitfalls:Students sometimes focus only on making F a parent of K and forget to ensure that F is female. Remember that both conditions are necessary for F to be the mother. Another common mistake is to read the expression in the wrong direction, but in these questions each pair such as F1M or M3K is read left to right according to the definitions given. Final Answer:The correct expression showing that F is the mother of K is F1M3K.

Question 12

If [P @ Q] means "P is the wife of Q", [P + Q] means "P is the father of Q" and [P - Q] means "P is the sister of Q", then in the expression [G + H - R @ D], how is G related to D?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This is a symbolic relation question where different symbols stand for specific family relationships. You are given an expression that combines these symbols and asked to find the relationship between two particular persons, G and D. These problems test careful decoding and stepwise reasoning. Given Data / Assumptions: [P @ Q] means P is the wife of Q. [P + Q] means P is the father of Q. [P - Q] means P is the sister of Q. Expression: G + H - R @ D. We assume each pair of symbols is read left to right according to the definitions. Concept / Approach:The plan is to decode the expression piece by piece. First interpret G + H, then H - R, then R @ D. After that, connect the roles and generations to locate G and D in the family tree. Finally, compare their positions to decide whether G is a father-in-law, grandfather, brother or something else to D. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: Decode G + H. The symbol + means "is the father of". So G + H means G is the father of H. Thus G is male and one generation above H.Step 2: Decode H - R. The symbol - means "is the sister of". So H - R means H is the sister of R. Therefore, H is female, and R is her sibling in the same generation.Step 3: Decode R @ D. The symbol @ means "is the wife of". So R @ D means R is the wife of D. Thus R is female, D is male and one generation above any future children they may have.Step 4: Since H is the sister of R, they share the same parents. We already know from Step 1 that G is the father of H. With siblings, it is natural to assume that G is also the father of R.Step 5: If G is the father of R and R is the wife of D, then D is the son-in-law of G, and G is the father-in-law of D.Step 6: The question asks, "how is G related to D?" This is best expressed as G is the father-in-law of D. Verification / Alternative check:Assign names for clarity. Let G be Govind, H be Hema, R be Ritu and D be Dev. G + H means Govind is the father of Hema. H - R means Hema is the sister of Ritu, so Govind is also Ritu father. R @ D means Ritu is the wife of Dev. Therefore Dev is the husband of Govind daughter, and Govind is Dev father-in-law. This matches the symbolic decoding. Why Other Options Are Wrong:G is not the grandfather of D, because there is no information that G children have children who are D. Instead, D is married to G daughter. G is not D brother, as he is clearly one generation above D partner. G is not D son-in-law, but the reverse is true, and he is not simply an uncle given the direct parent in-law relationship. Common Pitfalls:Some learners misread the order and try to decode from the right or mix symbol meanings. It is important to decode each pair in left-to-right order and to track generations carefully. Another common mistake is to treat "sister of" as if it did not imply shared parents; remembering that siblings normally share parents helps you complete the parent links correctly. Final Answer:G is related to D as his father-in-law.

Question 13

A is the sister of B. B is married to D. B and D have a daughter G. How is G related to A?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This is a straightforward family relation question involving one pair of siblings, a marriage and a child. The problem asks how the child G is related to A, where A is the sister of G father B. Such questions appear very often in reasoning sections and test basic understanding of aunt and niece relationships. Given Data / Assumptions: A is the sister of B, so A and B are siblings in the same generation. B is married to D. B and D have a daughter, G. Thus B is G father and D is G mother. We assume a standard nuclear family structure. Concept / Approach:The central idea is that A is the sister of G father. The sister of a father is called an aunt. From the child perspective, the daughter of a person sibling is a niece. Since the question asks how G is related to A, you must answer from A point of view: G is her niece. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: A and B are siblings. A is explicitly described as the sister, so A is female.Step 2: B is married to D, and together they have a daughter G. So B is a parent of G.Step 3: This means B is G father and D is G mother, because G is referred to as their daughter.Step 4: A, being the sister of B, is the paternal aunt of G. That is, she is the father sister.Step 5: From G perspective, A is her aunt. From A perspective, G is her niece.Step 6: The question is, "How is G related to A?" So the correct relationship is niece. Verification / Alternative check:Attach simple names. Let A be Anu, B be Bhavin, D be Divya and G be Gia. Anu and Bhavin are siblings. Bhavin and Divya have a daughter Gia. For Anu, Gia is the child of her brother, so Gia is her niece. This is exactly the relation described by the word niece and matches our reasoning. Why Other Options Are Wrong:G is not A sister, because they are different generations; A is the sister of G father, not of G. G is not A daughter, because A is not married to B or D and there is no indication that she is a parent. G is not a cousin to A, because cousins are usually children of siblings in the same generation. "Aunt" describes how A is related to G, not how G is related to A, so that option is reversed. Common Pitfalls:Students sometimes answer aunt when the question asks for the relation of G to A, which is niece. Carefully check the direction of the relation requested: whether you should answer from the first person to the second or from the second to the first. Drawing a small family tree with generations clearly marked makes this less confusing. Final Answer:G is related to A as her niece.

Question 14

The question below is followed by three statements I, II and III. You have to decide which statements provide sufficient data to answer the question: "How is M related to R?" I. T, the only son of M, has two sisters. II. The son of M is the brother …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This is a data sufficiency question rather than a direct relation puzzle. The main question is "How is M related to R?" and three statements provide partial information. You must decide which statement or combination of statements gives enough information to determine the relationship between M and R in the sense typically expected in exam keys. Given Data / Assumptions: Main question: How is M related to R? Statement I: T, the only son of M, has two sisters. Statement II: The son of M is the brother of the only sister of R. Statement III: R and T are children of M. In many exam questions, "How is X related to Y" is interpreted as asking for parent child, sibling or similar close relations, and official keys often treat a parent of a child as father or mother based on context. Concept / Approach:We analyse each statement alone and then in combination, focusing on whether we can clearly identify M as a parent of R. In this style of question, if M is clearly established as the parent of R, that is treated as a sufficient answer to the question, even if the exact gender of M is not mathematically forced. Statement II is the strongest because it links the son of M directly with R and therefore connects R parentage to M. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: Consider statement I alone. It tells us that M has a son T who is the only son of M and that T has two sisters. This describes the children of M but does not mention R at all. So statement I alone is not sufficient.Step 2: Consider statement III alone. It says that R and T are children of M. This clearly makes M a parent of R, but does not specify whether M is the father or the mother. In strict logical terms this gives only "parent".Step 3: Consider statement II alone. It says that the son of M is the brother of the only sister of R. The only sister of R must share the same parents as R. Since M son is a brother of that sister, and given standard exam assumptions, M is treated as the parent of both the son and the sister, and therefore also the parent of R.Step 4: Thus, statement II alone allows us to identify M as the parent of R and, in many exam patterns, as the father of R, which is taken as the required relationship.Step 5: Combining I and III or II and III may provide additional detail about the family size, but they are not necessary once statement II already yields M as the parent of R in the intended exam sense. Verification / Alternative check:From statement II, if M has a son S and S is the brother of the only sister of R, then S and the only sister of R share parents. Under common assumptions, M is one of those parents, and by symmetry R shares the same parents as his only sister. This makes M a parent of R. In exam keys, that is normally summarised simply as "M is the father of R", and statement II alone is declared sufficient. Why Other Options Are Wrong:Option a suggests that statements I and III together are needed, but I does not mention R, and III alone already links R and M as parent and child. Option c, "either I or II", is wrong because I by itself does not involve R at all. Option d, "only II and III", claims both are needed, but as explained, II already creates the parent link. Option e, "none of these", is incorrect because at least one of the given choices correctly describes sufficiency. Common Pitfalls:A common subtle issue is whether we truly know the gender of M. Logically, being the parent of a son and a daughter does not guarantee that M is male, but exam questions often gloss over this detail and interpret such statements as pointing to the father. It is important to align with the exam style: the relation "parent of R" is considered a sufficiently specific answer in this context. Final Answer:The data in statement II alone is considered sufficient in exam style, so the correct option is "Only II".

Question 15

Introducing a boy, a girl says, "He is the son of the sister of my mother brother." How is the boy related to the girl?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question describes a boy using a slightly complicated phrase: "He is the son of the sister of my mother brother." You must determine how this boy is related to the girl who is speaking. The puzzle is based around the concept of maternal uncles and aunts and their children. Given Data / Assumptions: The speaker is a girl. She refers to "my mother brother", which is her maternal uncle. The phrase "the sister of my mother brother" points to a female sibling of that uncle. In typical exam style, this sister is taken to be an aunt, a different person from the girl mother. The boy is the son of that aunt, that is, the son of the sister of the girl maternal uncle. We assume a normal family where children of aunts and uncles are cousins. Concept / Approach:The key is to recognise that "my mother brother" is a maternal uncle and that his sister is a maternal aunt. The boy is the son of this maternal aunt. Children of maternal aunts and maternal uncles are cousins of the girl. Therefore, the boy and the girl are cousins. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: Identify "my mother brother". This is the brother of the girl mother and is called her maternal uncle.Step 2: Identify "the sister of my mother brother". This is a female sibling of that uncle. In exam context, this is treated as a maternal aunt of the girl and is taken as a distinct person from the girl mother.Step 3: The boy is the son of that sister, so he is the son of the girl maternal aunt.Step 4: The girl is the daughter of her own mother, who is a sibling of the maternal uncle and the maternal aunt, so the aunt is her mother sister.Step 5: Therefore, the girl and the boy are children of sisters or, more generally, children of siblings in the same generation.Step 6: Children of siblings are first cousins to each other.Step 7: Thus the boy is a cousin of the girl, and the girl is a cousin of the boy. Verification / Alternative check:Use names for clarity. Let the girl mother be Meera and her brother be Mahesh. Mahesh is "my mother brother". Mahesh has a sister Anita, who is another daughter of the same grandparents and is not Meera in this exam interpretation. Anita is therefore the girl maternal aunt. If Anita has a son Ravi, then Ravi is the son of the sister of Meera brother. Ravi and the girl are children of two sisters, Meera and Anita, so Ravi is the girl cousin. Why Other Options Are Wrong:The boy is not a brother-in-law, because that would require a marriage relation that is not mentioned. He is not a father-in-law as he is clearly in the same generation as the girl. The word niece describes a younger female relative of an aunt or uncle and does not fit a male child. Uncle also does not fit, because uncles belong to a generation older than the girl. Common Pitfalls:Some learners think that the sister of the girl maternal uncle must be the girl own mother, which would then make the boy her brother. However, the question provides options that do not include brother, and typical exam interpretation treats the mentioned sister as another aunt, not the mother. It is important to follow the structure suggested by the answer choices and to recognise that aunts and uncles can have multiple siblings. Final Answer:The boy is related to the girl as her cousin.

Question 16

Looking at the portrait of a girl, Sheesha says, "Her mother is my grandfather only daughter, who has only one daughter and no sons." How is Sheesha related to the girl in the portrait?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This question is about understanding a self referential description. Sheesha is looking at a portrait and describes the girl mother using information about her own grandfather and his only daughter. You must determine how Sheesha is related to the girl in the portrait. Given Data / Assumptions: Sheesha is speaking while looking at the portrait of a girl. She says, "Her mother is my grandfather only daughter, who has only one daughter and no sons." Sheesha has a grandfather who has exactly one daughter. That only daughter has exactly one daughter and no sons. We assume standard family structure and that the only daughter of a grandfather is the mother in the next generation. Concept / Approach:The description "my grandfather only daughter" refers to a unique person. As Sheesha is describing her own grandfather, his only daughter must be Sheesha mother. Then the clause "who has only one daughter and no sons" restricts Sheesha mother children. If she has only one daughter, that one daughter must be Sheesha. Since the girl in the portrait has this woman as her mother, the only consistent conclusion is that the portrait is of Sheesha herself. Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: "My grandfather only daughter" means the grandfather has exactly one daughter. That daughter is in the generation between the grandfather and Sheesha.Step 2: Since Sheesha is a granddaughter of this man, the only daughter of the grandfather is most naturally Sheesha mother.Step 3: The sentence continues with "who has only one daughter and no sons". This describes the children of that only daughter, that is, the children of Sheesha mother.Step 4: If Sheesha mother has only one daughter, and Sheesha is that daughter, then Sheesha is the only daughter of her mother.Step 5: The girl in the portrait is said to have that woman as her mother, the same "only daughter of my grandfather" who has a single daughter.Step 6: Since this mother has only one daughter, any girl whose mother is that woman must be that same only daughter.Step 7: Therefore, the girl in the portrait is the only daughter of that mother and must be Sheesha herself. Verification / Alternative check:Suppose the grandfather is named Gopal and his only daughter is Meena, who is Sheesha mother. Meena has exactly one daughter, Sheesha, and no sons. Now consider a portrait of a girl whose mother is Meena. Since Meena has only one daughter, that daughter must be Sheesha. There is no room in this description for any other daughter. Thus the portrait must be of Sheesha. Why Other Options Are Wrong:The girl in the portrait cannot be Sheesha sister, because the mother is said to have only one daughter. She cannot be Sheesha niece, cousin or aunt, since that would require the mother to have another daughter or to belong to a different branch of the family. Sister and aunt both contradict the "only one daughter" condition for the mother. Therefore, the only possibility is that Sheesha and the girl are the same person. Common Pitfalls:One common confusion is to overlook the phrase "only one daughter and no sons" and assume there could be multiple daughters or other female relatives. Another is to misread "my grandfather only daughter" as referring to someone else in the extended family. Careful attention to the word only at both levels of the description is the key to solving the puzzle. Final Answer:Sheesha is the girl in the portrait.

Question 17

Select the odd word (odd type of family relationship) from the given alternatives.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal reasoning question asks you to select the odd word from a list of four family-relationship terms. Although all the options look similar at first glance, only one of them belongs to a different conceptual category. Such questions test your understanding of basic blood relations and the difference between relations by blood and relations by marriage, which is very important for blood-relation reasoning problems in competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The options are: Mother-in-law, Nephew, Grandson and Great grandfather. We assume standard family terminology used in Indian and international reasoning questions. Blood relations are those formed by birth, such as parent, child, grandparent, grandson and nephew. Relations by marriage are those formed only after a marriage tie, such as mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law and sister-in-law. We need to pick the term whose type of relationship is different from the others. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to classify each relation as either a blood relation (consanguineous) or an in-law relation (affinal). Nephew, grandson and great grandfather all represent direct or indirect blood ties across generations. Mother-in-law, however, is defined purely through marriage: she is the mother of one's spouse. Once we sort the options according to this concept, the odd one out becomes clear. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider "Mother-in-law". This is the mother of one's spouse. The connection is created because of a marriage, not because of a direct blood line from parent to child. Step 2: Consider "Nephew". A nephew is the son of one's brother or sister, or the son of one's spouse's sibling. This is fundamentally a blood relationship through siblings, even though an in-law variant also exists. Step 3: Consider "Grandson". A grandson is the son of one's son or daughter, a direct male descendant by blood, two generations down. Step 4: Consider "Great grandfather". A great grandfather is the father of one's grandfather or grandmother, again a direct blood ancestor three generations up. Step 5: Compare categories. Nephew, grandson and great grandfather all describe relatives who are connected to you biologically through a chain of parents and children. Mother-in-law is the only relationship that arises specifically because of marriage. Verification / Alternative check: Another way to verify is to ask: "If there were no marriages at all, which relations could still exist?" Nephews, grandsons and great grandfathers can exist in a family tree formed purely through births. However, a mother-in-law can exist only when someone marries: you must have a spouse whose mother becomes your mother-in-law. This confirms that mother-in-law is structurally different from the rest. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Nephew" is a close blood relation through siblings and is not formed only by marriage, so it belongs in the blood-relations group. "Grandson" is also a direct blood descendant, so it fits with the other blood relations. "Great grandfather" is a direct blood ancestor several generations above and is therefore similar in nature to grandson and nephew. Common Pitfalls: Some learners focus only on the age or generational distance, thinking that "great grandfather" is odd because it feels more distant. However, the question is not about age but about type of relation. All of the terms except mother-in-law can be placed purely on a blood-based family tree. Always check whether a relation requires a marriage link (in-law) or arises solely from birth when solving these kinds of "odd one out" problems. Final Answer: The odd word is Mother-in-law, because it represents a relation by marriage, whereas the others are blood relations.

Question 18

Pointing towards a lady in a photograph, a girl says, "Vidit's grandmother is the mother-in-law of this lady." How is the lady in the photograph related to Vidit?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This blood-relation question involves indirect information given through a photograph and the term "mother-in-law". The aim is to connect Vidit, his grandmother and the lady in the photograph. Such questions are typical in verbal reasoning tests because they check whether you can track indirect relationships like in-laws and grandparents without mixing up the generations. Given Data / Assumptions: A girl is pointing to a lady in a photograph. She says: "Vidit's grandmother is the mother-in-law of this lady." Vidit has a grandmother, who is the mother of one of Vidit's parents. A mother-in-law is defined as the mother of one's husband or wife. We assume the standard exam convention that the grandmother mentioned is the parent of Vidit's father or mother, and that she is mother-in-law only through Vidit's parent's marriage. We need to find how the lady in the photograph is related to Vidit. Concept / Approach: The phrase "Vidit's grandmother is the mother-in-law of this lady" means that this lady's spouse is a child of Vidit's grandmother. That child is very likely one of Vidit's parents. If we interpret this in the simplest, most standard way, the lady is married to Vidit's father or mother and is therefore Vidit's other parent. In most such reasoning questions, the intended interpretation is that she is Vidit's mother. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Let G be Vidit's grandmother. G is the mother of one of Vidit's parents, say P. Step 2: The statement says G is the mother-in-law of the lady in the photograph. For G to be the lady's mother-in-law, the lady must be married to G's son or daughter. Step 3: The simplest and standard exam assumption is that P, the child of G, is Vidit's father, and the lady in the photograph is P's wife. Step 4: If the lady is the wife of Vidit's father, she is Vidit's mother. The same reasoning works if P is Vidit's mother and the lady is Vidit's father's spouse, but in either case, the photograph shows Vidit's other parent. Step 5: Therefore, the relationship between the lady and Vidit is that of mother and child: the lady is Vidit's mother. Verification / Alternative check: Check alternative possibilities: G might have more than one child, and the lady could be married to another child of G, making her an aunt by marriage. However, typical exam questions assume a minimal family structure where the grandmother's role as mother-in-law arises through the marriage that created Vidit's branch of the family tree. The most direct and test-friendly reading is that the lady is married to Vidit's parent, making her his mother. Why Other Options Are Wrong: She is not Vidit's sister, because a sister would be a child of Vidit's parents, not their spouse. She is not Vidit's grandmother, as the grandmother is explicitly a different person whose relationship to the lady is described as mother-in-law. "Aunt" would require the lady to be married to Vidit's uncle or to be a sibling of Vidit's parent, which is not the direct reading of the given statement. Common Pitfalls: Many students confuse mother-in-law relationships and start imagining that the grandmother might herself be the lady in the photograph. Remember: the grandmother is the mother-in-law, not the person being pointed at. Also, do not overcomplicate the family unless the question forces you to; standard reasoning questions usually intend the simplest structure in which the described relation holds. Final Answer: The lady in the photograph is Vidit's mother.

Question 19

While introducing a boy, Raju says, "He is the son of my wife's sister." How is the boy related to Raju?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a straightforward blood-relation question where the key phrase is "my wife's sister". Problems like this are extremely common in verbal reasoning sections of competitive exams because they train you to recognize in-law relationships (on the spouse's side) and correctly identify terms such as nephew, niece, brother-in-law and sister-in-law. Given Data / Assumptions: Raju is introducing a boy. Raju says: "He is the son of my wife's sister." Raju is married and has a wife. His wife has a sister; that sister is Raju's sister-in-law. The boy is the son of that sister-in-law. We must determine the boy's relation to Raju. Concept / Approach: The main idea is to understand how relatives on the spouse's side are named. A wife's sister is a sister-in-law. The children of one's brother or sister (and also of one's spouse's siblings) are called nephews or nieces, depending on gender. Because the boy is explicitly male, he must be Raju's nephew. This holds regardless of whether we are considering blood relations or in-law extensions, as the term "nephew" comfortably covers both in ordinary reasoning questions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify Raju's wife. She is his spouse and belongs to a different family before marriage. Step 2: "My wife's sister" is the sister of Raju's wife. In family terminology, she is Raju's sister-in-law. Step 3: The boy is described as "the son of my wife's sister". So he is the son of Raju's sister-in-law. Step 4: The son of a person's brother or sister is called a nephew. This term also extends easily to the children of one's in-laws when they are siblings of the spouse. Step 5: Therefore, the boy is Raju's nephew. From Raju's perspective, he can say, "He is my nephew." Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a simple example. Suppose Raju's wife is Meera. Meera has a sister, Sita. Sita has a son, Arun. When Raju introduces Arun, saying "He is the son of my wife's sister", we immediately see that Arun is the child of Raju's sister-in-law. In everyday language, Raju would refer to Arun as his nephew. This perfectly matches the standard exam interpretation of such questions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: He cannot be Raju's real brother, because there is no indication that they share parents; the relationship is clearly through Raju's wife's side. He is not Raju's son, because the boy's mother is Raju's sister-in-law, not Raju's wife. "Cousin" would be used for someone who shares grandparents with Raju. Here, the boy shares grandparents with Raju's wife, not necessarily with Raju himself. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes get confused when relations are described through the spouse. A good habit is to pause and re-phrase: "wife's sister" means "sister-in-law", and the child of a sister-in-law is usually treated in reasoning problems as a nephew or niece. Writing a small family diagram and placing Raju, his wife, her sister and the boy can help avoid mistakes. Final Answer: The boy is related to Raju as his nephew.

Question 20

Johnny's father is the brother-in-law of Nisha's only sister. How is Johnny related to Nisha?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This family-relation question uses the term "brother-in-law", which can have more than one meaning in everyday language. The puzzle asks you to connect Johnny, his father, Nisha and Nisha's only sister. You must select the most natural and exam-standard interpretation of "brother-in-law" to determine how Johnny is related to Nisha. Given Data / Assumptions: Johnny has a father; call him JF. JF is the brother-in-law of Nisha's only sister. Nisha has exactly one sister; call her S. "Brother-in-law" in such questions usually refers to either: the husband of one's sister, or the brother of one's husband. We must find Johnny's relationship to Nisha. We assume the standard exam convention that the most direct and simple interpretation is intended unless additional details force another reading. Concept / Approach: The key is to decide which person S's brother-in-law most naturally refers to. Because S is Nisha's only sister, S's brother-in-law is very typically Nisha's husband (the husband of her sister), rather than a more distant relation like the brother of S's husband. If we take JF as Nisha's husband, then Johnny becomes Nisha's son. This gives a clear and common exam-style solution. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Let Nisha's only sister be S. S and Nisha are siblings in the same generation. Step 2: Johnny's father JF is given to be the brother-in-law of S. Step 3: For S, there are two ways to have a brother-in-law: (a) Her sister's husband (Nisha's husband). (b) Her own husband's brother. Step 4: In classical reasoning questions, when you see "X's only sister" and "brother-in-law of X's only sister", the default, simplest interpretation is that the brother-in-law is the husband of that sister's sibling—in this case, Nisha's husband. Step 5: So we interpret JF as Nisha's husband. That makes Nisha JF's wife. Step 6: Johnny is the son of JF. Since JF is Nisha's husband, Johnny is the son of Nisha as well. Step 7: Therefore, Johnny is related to Nisha as her son. Verification / Alternative check: If we instead try the less direct interpretation, where JF is the brother of S's husband, then JF need not have a simple, named kinship relation to Nisha (he would be a more distant in-law). The question, however, offers "son", "grandson", "father", and "cousin" as options, which strongly suggests a direct, simple relation. The "Nisha's husband" reading is the only one that yields such a direct relationship, confirming that "son" is the intended answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Johnny is not Nisha's grandson, because we have no indication that Nisha is old enough or in the grandparent generation. He cannot be her father; that would reverse the generation implied by the chain through Johnny's father. "Cousin" does not fit either, as cousins share grandparents but are in the same generation; the question clearly places Johnny one generation below Nisha's husband. Common Pitfalls: Students often get stuck on the multiple meanings of "brother-in-law" and overcomplicate the family tree. A good strategy is to first test the simplest interpretation that directly connects the named people. In this case, reading "brother-in-law of Nisha's only sister" as "Nisha's husband" gives a smooth and exam-friendly solution. Only if that fails should you try the more complex alternative. Final Answer: Johnny is related to Nisha as her son.

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