Question 1

Analogy — Animal feed types: Mash : Horse :: Mast : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This analogy relates an animal to a traditional type of feed. “Mash” is a moist feed often given to horses; “mast” refers to the fruit of forest trees (acorns, beechnuts) eaten notably by pigs. Given Data / Assumptions: Mash → horse feed. Mast → forest nuts/fruits consumed by swine (and some other animals) historically/seasonally. Concept / Approach:Find the animal most classically associated with “mast.” Step-by-Step Solution: 1) First pair: mash:horse establishes feed→animal.2) For mast, the classical association is pigs foraging on acorns/beechnuts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cow: primarily grazes; “mast” is not its typical feed. Monkey: eats fruits but “mast” is not the term of art. Lion: carnivore; irrelevant. None of these: incorrect since “Pig” fits. Common Pitfalls:Interpreting “mast” as a pole on a ship; in husbandry/ecology, “mast” is tree fruit used as forage. Final Answer:Pig

Question 2

Analogy — Branch of study and object of study: Penology : Punishment :: Seismology : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Each term on the left is a branch of study mapped to what it studies. Penology is the study of punishment and prison management; seismology studies what phenomenon? Given Data / Assumptions: Penology → punishment/corrections. Seismology → seismic waves and earthquakes. Concept / Approach:Identify the precise object of seismology. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Parallel mapping: field→object.2) Seismology → earthquakes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Law: linked to jurisprudence, not seismology. Liver: studied in hepatology. Medicines: pharmacology. None of these: incorrect as “Earthquakes” fits. Common Pitfalls:Confusing criminology (crime) with penology (punishment/corrections). Final Answer:Earthquakes

Question 3

Analogy — Closest semantic pairing: Delusion : Hallucination :: Chagrin : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:We must match the second pair with a semantic relationship similar to “Delusion : Hallucination,” which are related psychological/affective states often loosely grouped as misperceptions/false beliefs vs. false sensory experiences. For the second pair, pick a word that pairs closely with “Chagrin.” Given Data / Assumptions: Delusion ↔ Hallucination: related negative mental states (not exact synonyms, but same domain). Chagrin means distress or embarrassment at failure; annoyance/vexation captures the affective tone. Concept / Approach:Seek a word in the same emotional domain and nearest in sense to “chagrin.” Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Determine chagrin’s sense: irritation, vexation, mortification.2) Among options, “Annoyance” is closest in ordinary usage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Illusion: relates to perception, not emotion like chagrin. Ordered and Cogent: adjectives unrelated to emotional state. None of these: incorrect as “Annoyance” fits adequately. Common Pitfalls:Treating the first pair as strict synonyms; they are near-domain associates. The second pair should mirror domain-proximity, and “annoyance” does so best. Final Answer:Annoyance

Question 4

Analogy — Instrument and its function: Pen : Write

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The relation is tool→its primary action. A pen is used to write; we need another pair that preserves tool→action. Given Data / Assumptions: Pen → write. Oar → used to row a boat. Concept / Approach:Match an implement with the verb denoting what one does with it. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify functional mapping for options.2) “Oar : Row” mirrors “Pen : Write.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: Knife : Plate: object–object, not tool–action. Chair : Table: two objects; no action relation. Worker : Factory: person–place. None of these: incorrect because “Oar : Row” fits. Common Pitfalls:Choosing object–object relations instead of instrument–function. Final Answer:Oar : Row

Question 5

Analogy — Whole to part: Book : Chapter

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The first item is a whole, and the second is a constituent part. We need an option that mirrors this whole→part relation. Given Data / Assumptions: Book contains chapters. House contains rooms. Concept / Approach:Pick a pair where the second item is a structural component of the first. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify structural containment.2) House : Room matches book : chapter. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pen : Pencil: coordinate items, not whole–part. Computer : Calculator: different devices; not part–whole. Mobile : Landline: different phone types. None of these: incorrect because “House : Room” fits. Common Pitfalls:Confusing category siblings for part–whole relations. Final Answer:House : Room

Question 6

Analogy — Object and its material: Chair : Wood :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Chair : Wood” links an object to its typical material. We need a similar material-of-construction relation. Given Data / Assumptions: Chairs are often made of wood (archetypally). Mirrors are made of glass (with reflective coating). Concept / Approach:Choose the pair where the second item is the material the first is made from. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify material relation: chair→wood.2) Mirror→glass is the correct analogous relation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Book : Print: print is not a material; it is text. Plate : Food: content rather than material. Purse : Money: contents, not material. None of these: incorrect as “Mirror : Glass” fits. Common Pitfalls:Confusing container–content with object–material relations. Final Answer:Mirror : Glass

Question 7

Analogy — City and landmark/monument: Agra : Taj Mahal

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The relation links a city to a famous monument/landmark located there. Agra is famous for the Taj Mahal; we must find a correct city→monument pair. Given Data / Assumptions: Taj Mahal → Agra. Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) → Amritsar. Concept / Approach:Eliminate pairs where the monument is mismatched with the city. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Delhi : Hawa Mahal → incorrect (Hawa Mahal is in Jaipur).2) Patna : Red Fort → incorrect (Red Fort is in Delhi).3) Gaya : Golghar → incorrect (Golghar is in Patna).4) Amritsar : Golden Temple → correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong:They pair monuments with wrong cities. Common Pitfalls:Confusing Jaipur (Hawa Mahal) with Delhi, and Patna (Golghar) with Gaya. Final Answer:Amritsar : Golden Temple

Question 8

Analogy — Domain and branch of study: Animal : Zoology

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The pattern is subject matter→study of that matter. Animals are studied in zoology; we need the corresponding pairing. Given Data / Assumptions: Zoology studies animals. Physiology studies functions of living bodies. Concept / Approach:Pick a pair where the right-hand term is a scientific discipline studying the left-hand domain. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) “Body : Physiology” → physiology studies body functions.2) Other options either mismatch or are not “study of.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: Disease : Bacteriology: bacteriology studies bacteria, not all diseases. Poems : Anthology: anthology is a collection, not a study. Man : Philanthropy: philanthropy is charitable action, not a science of man (that would be anthropology). None of these: incorrect since option A fits. Common Pitfalls:Confusing “-ology” fields that are collections or actions rather than studies. Final Answer:Body : Physiology

Question 9

Analogy — Maker and product: Spider : Web

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The relation is creator→creation. A spider makes a web. Which option preserves the same creator→creation mapping? Given Data / Assumptions: Spider → web. Poet → poetry. Concept / Approach:Pick a pair with an agent that produces the second item. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify roles: maker vs. product.2) Poet creates poetry → matches spider creates web. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Ink : Pen: reversed; pen uses ink. Cock : Hen: gender, not creator-product. Teacher : Student: relationship, not creation. None of these: incorrect because “Poet : Poetry” fits. Common Pitfalls:Confusing usage or relational pairs with creation pairs. Final Answer:Poet : Poetry

Question 10

Analogy — Abstraction and medium/container: Medicine : Pills

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Medicine : Pills” maps a substance/discipline to a common unit/medium of delivery. We need a similar abstraction→physical medium mapping. Given Data / Assumptions: Medicine is commonly delivered in the unit form of pills. Knowledge is commonly stored/conveyed in books. Concept / Approach:Prefer a pair where the second item is a standard physical carrier of the first. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify delivery medium for “medicine” → pill.2) Identify delivery medium for “knowledge” → book. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Spices : Food: food is not a container for spices; spices are ingredients in food (inverse relation). Watch : Time: a watch measures time; time is not carried by a watch. Radio : Sound: radio transmits sound; not a storage medium like pill/book. None of these: incorrect because “Knowledge : Books” fits well. Common Pitfalls:Confusing function (measure/transmit) with medium (store/deliver). Final Answer:Knowledge : Books

Question 11

Analogy — Animal and characteristic foot structure: Horse : Hoof

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The first pair links an animal to its characteristic distal limb structure. We must choose a pair that preserves the “animal→foot structure” relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: Horse → hoof (ungulate foot). Human → foot (plantigrade structure). Concept / Approach:Pick an animal mapped to its correct basic foot/appendage term. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify role: animal→its foot structure.2) “Man : Foot” matches “Horse : Hoof.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: Dog : Black: attribute (color), not foot structure. Paise : Rupee: currency relation. Pen : Pencil: coordinate items, not anatomical relation. None of these: incorrect as “Man : Foot” fits. Common Pitfalls:Choosing attribute or category relations instead of structural analogues. Final Answer:Man : Foot

Question 12

Analogy — Choose the pair that best mirrors the relationship: Tagore : Gitanjali

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:In verbal analogies, we compare the relationship between the first pair and select the option that reflects the same relation for the second pair. “Tagore : Gitanjali” links an author to a specific literary work (Rabindranath Tagore wrote the poetry collection “Gitanjali”). Our task is to find the option that also represents creator → specific creation in literature. Given Data / Assumptions: Tagore is a Nobel laureate poet; Gitanjali is his book. Options include scientist→discovery, author→work, inventor→invention, etc. Concept / Approach:Identify the semantic link in the stem: (person) → (their particular literary work). Then test each choice for the same mapping and specificity (not just general association, but a correct, recognized pairing). Step-by-Step Solution:Check (a) Madam Curie : Radium → scientist→discovery (domain mismatch: science vs literature).Check (b) Shakespeare : Skylark → misattribution; “To a Skylark” is by Shelley.Check (c) Dickens : Oliver Twist → author→novel (correct and specific).Check (d) Nobel : Dynamite → inventor→invention (again science/tech, not literary authorship). Verification / Alternative check:Both the stem and option (c) are precise author–work pairs; none of the others match the literary authorship pattern correctly. Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) and (d) are discovery/invention relations; (b) is factually incorrect. Common Pitfalls:Choosing a broadly “famous” pair without ensuring the same relation (e.g., inventor→invention rather than author→book), or overlooking authorship accuracy. Final Answer:Dickens : Oliver Twist

Question 13

Analogy — Choose the pair that best completes the relation: Bud : Flower :: ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This analogy focuses on developmental stages. A bud is an early stage that develops into a flower. We must find a second pair that mirrors “immature/early form → fully developed form.” Given Data / Assumptions: Bud precedes flower in a plant’s reproductive growth. We seek a parallel natural growth progression. Concept / Approach:Identify options that represent an organism or object transitioning from a younger/embryonic state to its mature state. Non-developmental or category/location relations should be rejected. Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Clay : Mud → materials of similar type; no maturation relation.(b) Sapling : Tree → young plant grows into a mature tree (perfect match).(c) River : Glacier → reverse of common formation (glaciers often feed rivers); not a growth stage.(d) Bird : Tree → living thing vs habitat; not a maturation link. Verification / Alternative check:Both “bud→flower” and “sapling→tree” are standard biological growth sequences. Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) Lateral material relation; (c) geophysical source–outflow confusion; (d) organism–habitat, not stage. Common Pitfalls:Assuming any nature-related pair works; the relation type (development) must match. Final Answer:Sapling : Tree

Question 14

Analogy — Choose the pair with the same relation: Ideas : Brain

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Ideas : Brain” denotes a contents-in-container (or locus) relation: ideas reside in or are produced/held by the brain. We seek the option where the second item is an appropriate holder or repository for the first item. Given Data / Assumptions: Brain is the seat/container of ideas. We prefer clear containment/storage analogs. Concept / Approach:Classify each option by relation type—creator→product, subset→set, location→object, or container→contents—and pick the one that mirrors “holder→held.” Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Literature : Author → reversed creator relation; author creates literature, not literature contains author.(b) Clouds : Ocean → hydrologic cycle link, not container relation.(c) Money : Bank → banks store/hold money (container→contents), matching the stem’s idea.(d) Planets : Earth → Earth is a planet (member–set reversal), not a holder. Verification / Alternative check:“Brain holds ideas” aligns closely with “bank holds money.” Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) Creator inversion; (b) process/weather relation; (d) class–member mismatch. Common Pitfalls:Confusing creator/product with container/content. The stem emphasizes locus/containment. Final Answer:Money : Bank

Question 15

Analogy — Select the closest parallel: Frankness : Blunt

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Frankness : Blunt” captures a degree/intensity relation: bluntness is an excess or extreme form of frankness that can feel harsh. We need an option where the second term is a stronger, more extreme or terminal state on the same spectrum as the first. Given Data / Assumptions: Frankness is candor; bluntness is overly direct candor. We prefer same-scale escalation rather than opposites or unrelated pairs. Concept / Approach:Identify pairs where the second item is a more intense culmination of the first along a continuum. Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Rise : Awake → action vs state; not a degree relation.(b) Weep : Laugh → antonyms; not intensification.(c) Sickness : Death → progression where death can be an extreme/terminal outcome of illness; mirrors “mild candor → extreme candor.”(d) Rest : Activity → antonyms; not degree. Verification / Alternative check:Both pairs reflect movement toward a terminal/stronger state on a shared continuum (communication directness; health severity). Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) No scalar intensification; (b) and (d) are opposites, not degrees. Common Pitfalls:Reading “blunt” as antonym of “frank” (it is not); it is a harsher form of being frank. Final Answer:Sickness : Death

Question 16

Analogy — Pick the best antonymic parallel: Love : Hate

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The stem is a classic antonym pair: “love” vs “hate.” We must select another clear-cut antonym pair from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: Antonymy requires direct opposites in meaning. Concept / Approach:Eliminate non-opposites; select the pair with direct semantic opposition. Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Go : Do → different verbs; not opposites.(b) Near : Where → adjective/adverb vs interrogative; no opposition.(c) Up : Down → directional opposites; matches the stem’s relation.(d) Come : Soon → verb vs adverb; not antonyms. Verification / Alternative check:“Up–down” is universally recognized as opposites like “love–hate.” Why Other Options Are Wrong:They are unrelated or mismatched parts of speech without opposite meanings. Common Pitfalls:Getting distracted by superficial rhyme or common collocations (e.g., “come soon”) that do not reflect antonymy. Final Answer:Up : Down

Question 17

Analogy — Select the pair with the same relation: Mendacity : Honesty

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Mendacity” means lying or untruthfulness; “honesty” is truthfulness. The stem is therefore an antonym pair, contrasting a vice with a virtue. We need a second pair that also presents clear semantic opposition. Given Data / Assumptions: Mendacity ↔ Honesty: vice vs virtue, direct opposites. Accept different parts of speech if antonymy holds unambiguously. Concept / Approach:Identify which option forms unmistakable opposites within the same semantic field (character traits). Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Truth : Beauty → unrelated abstract nouns; not opposites.(b) Sportsmanship : Fortitude → different virtues; not opposites.(c) Courageous : Craven → brave vs cowardly; clear antonyms in character traits.(d) Turpitude : Depravity → near-synonyms (moral corruption), not opposites. Verification / Alternative check:Both pairs oppose a positive trait to a negative counterpart (honesty vs mendacity; courageous vs craven). Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) No antonymy; (b) both positive; (d) synonyms of vice. Common Pitfalls:Choosing synonyms of vice in (d) because they “feel strong,” but the stem requires opposition. Final Answer:Courageous : Craven

Question 18

Analogy — Match the relation type: Capricious : Reliability

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Capricious” means unpredictable or impulsive; “reliability” entails steadiness and predictability. The stem shows semantic tension: a concept that conflicts with predictability. We need a pair with the same incompatibility. Given Data / Assumptions: Capricious ↔ Reliability: unpredictability undermines reliability. We look for a similar “spontaneous vs predictable” clash. Concept / Approach:Reject pairs that are synonyms, unrelated, or mismatched categories; prefer a pair where the first term inherently resists the second. Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Extemporaneous : Predictability → extemporaneous implies spontaneous/unscripted; clashes with predictability (good match).(b) Unreliable : Inhuman → different axes (dependability vs humanity) — unrelated.(c) Tenacious : Practicality → perseverance vs practicality; not inherently opposed.(d) Arbitrary : Whimsical → near-synonyms; not a conflict pair. Verification / Alternative check:The semantic incompatibility in (a) mirrors the stem’s unpredictability vs predictability. Why Other Options Are Wrong:(b) Orthogonal notions; (c) not opposites; (d) synonyms rather than tension. Common Pitfalls:Picking synonyms (d) because they “sound close,” while the stem expresses opposition, not equivalence. Final Answer:Extemporaneous : Predictability

Question 19

Analogy — Choose the best composition relation: Water : Oxygen

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Water : Oxygen” represents a component-of relation: oxygen is a constituent element of water (H2O). We need an option where the second item is a component element of the first substance. Given Data / Assumptions: Water contains oxygen atoms along with hydrogen. We seek a clear composition (whole→part) mapping. Concept / Approach:Evaluate whether the second item is a necessary constituent of the first, not merely coexisting or thematically associated. Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Helium : Nitrogen → distinct gases, neither composes the other.(b) Salt : Sodium → common salt (sodium chloride) contains sodium; correct component relation.(c) Tree : Plant → class–member inversion (tree is a plant).(d) Food : Hunger → cause–effect relation, not composition. Verification / Alternative check:“Water contains oxygen” parallels “salt contains sodium.” Why Other Options Are Wrong:(a) Mere co-presence in atmosphere; (c) taxonomy not composition; (d) causality rather than part–whole. Common Pitfalls:Confusing class–member or cause–effect with composition. Final Answer:Salt : Sodium

Question 20

Analogy — Choose the best category parallel: Geeta : Quran

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:“Geeta : Quran” (Bhagavad Gita and Quran) are both revered religious scriptures belonging to different traditions. The relation is items of the same category. We need an option where both members are peer items within a common, recognizable class. Given Data / Assumptions: Both Geeta and Quran are holy books. Look for a parallel pair of co-category items (not place–action, quality–entity, or institution–function). Concept / Approach:Reject functional or hierarchical relations; prefer “X and Y are both members of category C.” Step-by-Step Solution:(a) Orange : Mango → both are fruits (same category).(b) Temple : Worship → place vs action (function), not peer items.(c) Good : Man → adjective vs noun; not a peer category.(d) Army : Defence → institution vs function/role; not peer items. Verification / Alternative check:“Scripture–scripture” mirrors “fruit–fruit” as category peers. Why Other Options Are Wrong:They present function or grammar mismatches rather than co-category items. Common Pitfalls:Expecting a religion-specific pair (e.g., “Bible : Quran”); analogies test relation type, not necessarily identical domains. Final Answer:Orange : Mango

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