Question 1

'Cube' is related to 'Square' (3D solid whose face is a square) in the same way as 'Square' is related to which 1D boundary element?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Geometric analogies often hinge on dimensional relationships. A cube is a three-dimensional solid whose faces are two-dimensional squares. We must continue the dimensional descent to find the object that stands to a square as a square stands to a cube. Given Data / Assumptions: Cube (3D) → face is Square (2D). Square (2D) has boundary elements that are Line segments (1D). We keep the pattern 'figure → its (one-dimension-lower) boundary/face'. Concept / Approach:The mapping follows a reduction of dimension by one: 3D to 2D (faces), then 2D to 1D (edges). A square’s edges are straight line segments. Thus the consistent counterpart is 'Line' rather than a specific polygon (triangle) or a higher-dimensional entity (plane), or an even lower-dimensional vertex (point). Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify relation: shape → characteristic boundary element one dimension lower.2) Cube → Square (face of the cube).3) Square → Line (edge of the square).4) Select 'Line' to preserve parallelism. Verification / Alternative check:A square has four sides; each side is a line segment (1D). The face of a cube is a square (2D). The analogy therefore keeps dimensional decrement consistent: 3D→2D, then 2D→1D. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Plane: 2D infinite surface; not a boundary element of a square. Triangle: Different polygon; breaks the boundary relation. Point: Vertex (0D) is too far a reduction; the next direct boundary step is 1D. None of these: Incorrect because 'Line' is correct. Common Pitfalls:Jumping from faces to vertices (point) rather than edges, or choosing an unrelated polygon. Maintain the exact dimensional step-down. Final Answer:Line

Question 2

'Much' is related to 'Many' (quantifiers for uncountable vs countable nouns) in the same way as 'Measure' is related to which corresponding discrete-quantity action?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This item blends grammar/usage with quantitative reasoning. 'Much' and 'many' are both quantifiers, but they apply to different noun types: 'much' modifies uncountable nouns (e.g., much water), while 'many' modifies countable plural nouns (e.g., many bottles). We must echo that continuous-versus-discrete contrast using a pair of actions that quantify in corresponding ways. Given Data / Assumptions: Much ↔ uncountable quantity (continuous measure). Many ↔ countable quantity (discrete count). 'Measure' typically applies to continuous magnitudes (length, mass, volume). We need the action for discrete quantities that parallels 'many'. Concept / Approach:Preserve the conceptual mapping from continuous to discrete. 'Measure' corresponds to quantifying a continuous attribute with units (metres, kilograms, litres). The discrete counterpart is 'count', which enumerates items (1, 2, 3, ...). Therefore, the analogy 'Measure : Count' mirrors 'Much : Many' by switching from continuous to discrete quantification. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Determine relation in the stem: contrasting quantifiers for continuous vs discrete nouns.2) Align actions accordingly: measure (continuous) ↔ count (discrete).3) Choose 'Count' to maintain the parallel. Verification / Alternative check:Grammar guides: 'much' modifies non-count nouns; 'many' modifies count nouns. In measurement theory, continuous variables are assessed by measuring, while discrete variables are enumerated by counting. The mapping is therefore exact. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Calculate: A broader operation (could involve either counts or measures); not the clean discrete analogue. Measure: Mirrors the first term; does not provide the contrasted pair. Weight: A noun/verb tied to a specific measure (mass/force), not the general discrete action. None of these: Incorrect because 'Count' is exact. Common Pitfalls:Confusing 'calculate' (a process) with 'count' (the discrete quantification act), or overlooking the grammatical clue of much vs many. Final Answer:Count

Question 3

'Radish' is related to 'Root' (the plant part consumed) in the same way as 'Rose' is related to which plant part?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Botanical analogies often pair a plant (or product) with the specific part of the plant under discussion. A radish is botanically and culinarily identified as a root vegetable—the edible part is the root. We must find the corresponding plant part that defines a rose in common understanding. Given Data / Assumptions: Radish → root (edible organ, storage and anchorage function). Rose is a flowering plant widely recognized for its blossoms. The relation is 'plant → characteristic plant part'. Concept / Approach:We maintain equal specificity and domain. For 'radish', the salient identity is the root. For 'rose', the salient identity is the bloom, i.e., 'flower'. While roses also have thorns and fragrance, those are properties or structures, not the primary categorical plant part analogous to 'root' in the radish mapping. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Extract relation: plant → defining plant part.2) Validate first pair: radish → root (true).3) Identify parallel for rose: the part most characteristically identified with 'rose' is the flower.4) Choose 'Flower' to sustain parallelism. Verification / Alternative check:Horticulture references classify rose varieties by floral characteristics (color, form, petals), underscoring that the defining part is the flower, not the thorn or scent alone. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Garden: A place, not a plant part. Fragrance: A property, not a discrete plant organ. Thorn: Present on many roses but not the defining part analogous to root. None of these: Incorrect because 'Flower' is correct. Common Pitfalls:Picking a salient attribute (fragrance) or accessory structure (thorn) instead of the primary plant organ that defines the plant in common classification. Final Answer:Flower

Question 4

'Lion' is to 'Prowl' (a typical mode of movement/behavior) as 'Bear' is to which characteristic gait?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Verb-based animal analogies connect an animal with a distinctive manner of movement or behavior. 'Prowl' evokes the stealthy, predatory movement of a lion. We must find the verb that similarly evokes a bear’s characteristic gait or movement style. Given Data / Assumptions: Lion → prowl (stealthy stalking behavior of a predator). Bear is a large, heavy mammal with a distinctive, heavy-footed walk. Options offer verbs describing kinds of movement; only one is the widely recognized collocation for bears. Concept / Approach:Select the verb that is idiomatically paired with 'bear' in descriptive English. The conventional verb is 'lumber', meaning to move in a heavy, clumsy, or ponderous way—precisely the image associated with a bear’s gait. This mirrors 'lion : prowl', which captures the quintessential motion of that animal. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify the relation: animal → signature movement verb.2) Validate example: lion → prowl (correct idiomatically).3) Map bear to the standard verb: bear → lumber.4) Choose 'Lumber' to preserve idiomatic precision. Verification / Alternative check:Usage in literature and wildlife descriptions commonly pairs 'bears' with 'lumbering'. Dictionaries define 'lumber' as moving in a slow, heavy, awkward way—exactly matching a bear’s typical locomotion outside of bursts of speed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Trot: A specific gait associated with horses or dogs; not the stereotypical bear motion. Strut: Conveys a proud, self-important walk; mismatched to bears. Amble: A relaxed, easy walk; lacks the heavy, ponderous nuance central to bears. None of these: Incorrect because 'Lumber' is correct. Common Pitfalls:Choosing a generic walking verb (amble) rather than the vivid, idiomatic verb that captures the animal’s characteristic style. Final Answer:Lumber

Question 5

'Crime' is related to 'Police' in the sense of the authority or mechanism that controls, manages, or responds to it. In the same way, 'Flood' is related to which entity that is primarily used to control or contain it?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Analogy questions test your ability to recognize relationships between pairs of words and then apply the same relationship to a new pair. Here, “Crime : Police” captures a control/containment or responsible-agency relation. We must pick what similarly relates to “Flood”. Given Data / Assumptions: Crime is an undesirable event in society. Police are the designated authority to control, manage, and respond to crime. Flood is an undesirable hydrological event. We seek the device/agency primarily used to control or contain a flood. Concept / Approach:The mapping is “problem : controller/containing mechanism.” Police do not cause crime; they respond to and control it. For floods, structural flood-control works such as dams, embankments, and barrages are designed to restrain or regulate water to mitigate flooding. Among the options, “Dam” best mirrors “Police” in the role of controller/containment device. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify relation type in first pair: crime is controlled/managed by police.2) Transfer the relation to the second pair: flood is controlled/managed by what?3) Evaluate candidates for their primary role in flood control.4) Select the option that most directly functions as a flood-control mechanism: Dam. Verification / Alternative check:Ask whether each choice prevents or governs the phenomenon. A dam stores and regulates water flow, thereby reducing flood peaks. This aligns with the “control/containment” relation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Rain: This is a cause of flood, not a controller. River: A medium where flooding occurs; not a controlling agent. Reservoir: A stored body of water; may exist behind a dam but is not itself the control device. Relief camp: Addresses consequences after flooding, not control. Common Pitfalls:Confusing cause/effect items (rain, river) or after-the-fact responses (relief camp) with a controlling mechanism leads to incorrect mapping. Final Answer:Dam

Question 6

'Butterfly' stands to its younger developmental stage as an adult form relates to its larval form. By the same analogy, a 'Horse' is related to which young one?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This item checks knowledge of life stages and young-one terminology through analogy. “Butterfly : Caterpillar” reflects the adult-to-larva relationship. We must find the corresponding young term for a horse. Given Data / Assumptions: Butterfly is the adult stage; caterpillar is the larval stage of the same organism. Horse is the adult animal. Common zoological terms: colt/foal, mare, cub, chick, etc. Concept / Approach:The relationship is “adult : young stage.” For horses, generic young is “foal”; specifically, a young male is “colt” and a young female is “filly.” Among typical analogy keys, “colt” is the standard match for “young horse.” Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify pattern: adult form matched to its young stage.2) Determine the young of a horse: foal (general), colt (male), filly (female).3) Select the conventional single-word answer used in analogies: “Colt.” Verification / Alternative check:Standard vocabulary lists for animal young confirm “colt” as a correct, commonly accepted term for a young male horse; “foal” is also correct generally, but “mare” is an adult female and others belong to different species. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cub: Young of lion, tiger, bear, etc., not horse. Mare: Adult female horse, not young. Chick: Young of a bird (chicken), not horse. Foal: Although correct generically, analogies often expect “colt” as the canonical single answer; where both appear, “colt” is preferred. Common Pitfalls:Confusing gendered terms (mare vs. filly) or selecting a generic term when the test-set convention favors a specific one (colt). Read choices carefully. Final Answer:Colt

Question 7

'Metal' is related to 'Sculptor' as the raw material worked by an artist. In the same way, 'Canvas' is related to which practitioner who uses it as the primary medium?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Analogies often encode “material : worker/artist” relationships. A sculptor works with metal, stone, or wood as materials. The prompt asks us to mirror that link with canvas. Given Data / Assumptions: Metal is a material; sculptor is the artist who shapes it. Canvas is a material/support for an art form. We seek the professional who typically uses canvas as a primary working surface. Concept / Approach:The relational form is “material/support : practitioner.” Canvas is the standard support for painting; the practitioner is the painter. Nouns like “painting” or “colours” are products/materials, not practitioners. “Cloth” is a category, not a profession. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Decode the first pair: metal (material) : sculptor (artist who uses it).2) Map the second pair: canvas (material/support) : ? (artist who uses it).3) The correct practitioner is “painter.” Verification / Alternative check:In art terminology, painters commonly paint on canvas with oils or acrylics; thus, the pairing is standard in vocabulary tests. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cloth: A material category; not a practitioner. Colours: Materials/mediums, not a person. Painting: The finished product or process, not the practitioner. Curator: Manages collections; does not primarily use canvas as a working surface. Common Pitfalls:Choosing an associated object (colours, painting) instead of the role that uses the material (painter). Keep the relation type consistent across pairs. Final Answer:Painter

Question 8

'Ship' is related to 'Captain' as the person-in-charge responsible for command and editorial authority. By a parallel relation, 'Newspaper' is related to which role?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Here the analogy is about leadership or responsibility. A captain commands a ship. The corresponding person-in-charge for a newspaper, with authority over content and policy, must be identified. Given Data / Assumptions: Ship requires a role that leads and makes final decisions: captain. Newspaper requires an equivalent role overseeing content and direction. Distinct publishing roles include editor, publisher, printer, reporter, reader. Concept / Approach:We look for the role that is to a newspaper what a captain is to a ship: the leader with decision-making authority over operations/content. That is the editor-in-chief/editor (editor as the canonical term in options). Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify control/command role in first pair: captain.2) Map to newspaper roles: editor, publisher, printer, etc.3) The editor sets editorial policy, approves content, and leads the newsroom — analogous to command. Verification / Alternative check:In organizational structures, the editor-in-chief has ultimate editorial responsibility, just as a captain has command responsibility aboard a ship. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Reader: Consumer, not in charge. Printer: Handles printing operations; not editorial head. Publisher: Business/ownership function; not content leader in the editorial sense. Reporter: Produces stories; does not set overall editorial policy. Common Pitfalls:Confusing the business head (publisher) with the editorial head (editor). The analogy centers on command over core function: navigation vs. editorial content. Final Answer:Editor

Question 9

Which of the following cities belongs to the same Indian state category as 'Varanasi', 'Kanpur', and 'Lucknow'? Choose the city that matches their state affiliation.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This analogy-style classification checks Indian geography knowledge. Varanasi, Kanpur, and Lucknow share a common attribute: all are major cities in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). We must select another city that shares this state affiliation. Given Data / Assumptions: Varanasi, Kanpur, Lucknow are in Uttar Pradesh. Options include cities from various Indian states. We need the option that is also in Uttar Pradesh. Concept / Approach:The relation is “city : state”. Confirm the state for each option city, then match to UP. Knowledge of state-capital-city mappings helps resolve such items quickly. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Note the reference set: all in Uttar Pradesh.2) Check options: Gaya (Bihar), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh), Bhagalpur (Bihar), Ranchi (Jharkhand).3) The only UP city listed is Ghaziabad. Verification / Alternative check:Cross-check via standard Indian geography: Ghaziabad is part of the National Capital Region and lies in western Uttar Pradesh, consistent with the needed attribute. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Gaya: Located in Bihar. Jodhpur: Located in Rajasthan. Bhagalpur: Located in Bihar. Ranchi: Capital of Jharkhand. Common Pitfalls:Assuming proximity to Delhi implies a different state; Ghaziabad, despite NCR linkage, is in Uttar Pradesh. Do not let regional clustering confuse state boundaries. Final Answer:Ghaziabad

Question 10

Complete the analogy by choosing the correct paired terms: “A is to Ship as Platform is to B.” Identify A and B such that each pair matches “vehicle : place of halt/berth”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This verbal analogy tests mapping of a vehicle to the location where it halts or is accommodated. “Ship : ?” must mirror “Platform : ?” in a consistent place-of-halt sense. Given Data / Assumptions: Ship berths at a port (or dock/harbor/quay). Platform belongs to a railway station and is where a train halts. We need both sides to share the same relation type. Concept / Approach:Pick terms that complete “vehicle : official stopping place.” The cleanest pair is Ship : Port and Platform : Station (by containment/association). Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify the first vehicle: ship.2) Find its place of halt: port (harbor).3) Platform is part of a railway station; trains halt at platforms in stations.4) Thus the consistent pairs are Ship : Port and Platform : Station. Verification / Alternative check:Other maritime places (dock, quay) are close, but the option providing a complete, symmetric mapping with rail is “Port” and “Station.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: A. Captain, B. Coolie: People, not places. A. Quay, B. Train: Mixes place with vehicle; relation breaks. A. Shore, B. Bench: Not formal halt locations. A. Dock, B. Yard: “Yard” is generic; lacks platform/station symmetry. Common Pitfalls:Mixing a place with a person or pairing a place with a vehicle on the other side breaks relational consistency. Final Answer:A. Port, B. Station

Question 11

Complete the analogy: “A : Roots :: House : B”. Choose A and B so that each second term denotes the essential supporting/base part of the first.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This analogy pairs an object with its essential supporting base. For a living plant, roots provide anchorage and uptake; for a house, the foundation provides structural support. Given Data / Assumptions: Roots are the supporting/anchoring part of a tree (plant). Foundations are the supporting/anchoring part of a house. We must keep relation symmetry “whole : base.” Concept / Approach:The relation is “entity : foundational support.” Hence, A should be “Tree” and B should be “Foundation.” Step-by-Step Solution:1) Decode the first pair type: whole : base (tree : roots).2) Apply to the second: house : foundation.3) Select the option that preserves this mapping exactly. Verification / Alternative check:Other house parts (walls, floor, roof) are structural but not the foundational base that transmits load to the ground; “foundation” is the true counterpart to “roots.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: Branches/Walls: Not base components. Trunk/Floor: Trunk is main stem, not base; floor is not the foundational base. Flower/Walls: Decorative/reproductive vs. enclosure; mismatch. Leaf/Roof: Functional/covering, not base. Common Pitfalls:Confusing “important part” with “base.” Only “roots” and “foundation” truly serve as foundational supports. Final Answer:A. Tree, B. Foundation

Question 12

Complete the analogy: “A : Square :: Arc : B”. Choose A and B so that each first term is a boundary part of the second (straight vs. curved).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This analogy checks geometric vocabulary. A square’s boundary comprises line segments (sides), whereas an arc is a curved segment of a circle’s circumference. Given Data / Assumptions: Square boundary segments are straight lines. An arc is a part of a circle. We need the “part : whole (boundary)” relation consistently. Concept / Approach:Maintain the same relationship type on both sides: boundary part to its enclosing figure. For the straight-edged polygon, use “line (side) : square”; for the curved figure, “arc : circle.” Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify a minimal boundary unit for a square: line.2) Identify the counterpart for a circle: arc.3) Map them as A : Square and Arc : B → A = Line, B = Circle. Verification / Alternative check:“Perimeter/circumference” are total boundary lengths, not elemental parts; “line/arc” are correct granular parts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Perimeter/Circumference: Whole boundary measures, not parts. Line/Diameter: Diameter is a chord through center, not the whole circle. Rectangle/Chord: Mismatched figure/segment roles. Side/Sector: Sector is area region, not boundary unit. Common Pitfalls:Confusing boundary measurements with boundary components. Final Answer:A. Line, B. Circle

Question 13

Complete the analogy: “A : Flower :: Milky Way : B”. Select A and B so that each second term is the larger system containing the first.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The question tests “part : whole (container)” mapping. A flower is part of a plant; the Milky Way is part of the broader class “galaxy,” while also being a specific galaxy itself that contains stars and systems. Given Data / Assumptions: Flower belongs to a plant. Milky Way is a galaxy (a specific one). We must keep the container relation aligned. Concept / Approach:Choose terms that represent the immediate containing system: plant contains flower; a galaxy is the astronomical system term aligned with “Milky Way.” Step-by-Step Solution:1) Part-whole for botany: flower → plant.2) Astronomical mapping: Milky Way → galaxy.3) Maintain symmetry of containment. Verification / Alternative check:“Sky” is a visual backdrop, not the system type. “Star” is a component of a galaxy, not the container class. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Plant/Sky: Second term is not the astronomical system type. Fruit/Planet: Wrong botanical part, and “planet” is not the container for the Milky Way. Garden/Star: “Garden” is a man-made layout; “star” is a component, not container. Branch/Universe: “Universe” is too broad; we need the immediate system term. Common Pitfalls:Picking overly broad or unrelated containers (sky/universe) rather than the precise system name. Final Answer:A. Plant, B. Galaxy

Question 14

Complete the analogy: “A : Water :: Thermometer : B”. Choose A and B so that each second term is the property measured by the instrument or process mentioned.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This item examines measurement associations. The right-hand pair is straightforward: a thermometer measures temperature. We must match a left-hand pair where water connects to a measurable process or phenomenon in a coherent way. Given Data / Assumptions: Thermometer → Temperature (measurand). Water participates in physical processes like evaporation. We need measurement/phenomenon alignment rather than container/person. Concept / Approach:Ensure both sides reflect “subject/process : measured property or phenomenon.” “Evaporation” is a named physical process involving water; “temperature” is what a thermometer quantifies. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Fix the right mapping: Thermometer → Temperature.2) On the left, prefer a phenomenon label tied to water: Evaporation.3) Select the option that preserves measurement/process symmetry. Verification / Alternative check:Other choices pair objects or agents (pitcher/doctor/mercury) incorrectly. Evaporation is the only scientific process term given. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Humidity/Fever: Mixed/incorrect measurands; fever is a symptom, not what the thermometer fundamentally measures. Pitcher/Mercury: Container and working fluid, not measurands. Rain/Doctor: Event and person; mismatched relation. Density/Pressure: Arbitrary pairing; no instrument/process consistency. Common Pitfalls:Choosing associated items (mercury, doctor) instead of the abstract property (temperature) or process (evaporation). Final Answer:A. Evaporation, B. Temperature

Question 15

Complete the dual analogy: “A : Winter :: B : Malaria”. Pick A and B so that each second term is countered or managed by the first (protective/treatment relation).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The relation required is “problem/condition : customary countermeasure.” In winter, people use quilts to keep warm; for malaria, quinine (historically) and related antimalarials are treatments. Given Data / Assumptions: Winter → quilt (protective warmth). Malaria → quinine (classical treatment). Countermeasure/control relation must hold on both sides. Concept / Approach:Choose items that directly mitigate the condition: quilts mitigate cold exposure; quinine treats malaria physiologically. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Map winter to a common protective item: quilt.2) Map malaria to a direct treatment: quinine.3) Verify symmetry: both are countermeasures. Verification / Alternative check:Wool is material, not the typical named item; “mosquito” is a vector, not a treatment. “Epidemic” and “fever” are states/effects, not countermeasures. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cold/Epidemic: Not countermeasures. Cold/Mosquito: Vector, not treatment. Wool/Fever: Material and symptom; not paired countermeasures. Heater/Vaccine: Vaccine is for prevention, not specific historical treatment context; also “heater” does not mirror “quilt” specificity. Common Pitfalls:Picking related objects (wool) or epidemiological terms (epidemic) instead of direct countermeasures. Final Answer:A. Quilt, B. Quinine

Question 16

Dual matching analogy: “Explosion : I :: Locust : II”. Choose the correct pairing from the lists so that each second term expresses the usual consequence/class of the first.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:We must pick one option that matches two independent analogies: (1) Explosion → consequence/class, (2) Locust → consequence/class. The choice must have one term from list I (A–D) and one from list II (P–S). Given Data / Assumptions: I-list: (A) Bomb (B) Ruin (C) Debris (D) Smoke. II-list: (P) Crop (Q) Holocaust (R) Pest (S) Field. Explosion typically causes ruin/debris/smoke; Locust is classed as a pest. Concept / Approach:Select the pairing where the second term is a standard effect/classification of the first. “Ruin” is a consequence of an explosion; “Pest” is the category of locusts in agriculture. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Explosion → Ruin (B) or Debris (C) or Smoke (D) are all plausible.2) Locust → Pest (R) is canonical.3) The answer option offering (B,R) is “BR.” Verification / Alternative check:Although “CR” (Debris, Pest) would also be valid, it is not among the provided keyed options in many classic sets; “BR” is the listed valid choice here. Why Other Options Are Wrong: AS: Bomb is a cause/device, Field is a place; mismatched. CQ: Debris/Holocaust do not align with locust’s class. DP: Smoke/Field is a weak, indirect mapping. CR (if present): Would be plausible, but when the official key lists BR, choose BR. Common Pitfalls:Picking a plausible but unlisted pair; always cross-check against the provided option codes. Final Answer:BR

Question 17

Repair and complete the analogy: “A : Dog :: B : Goat”. Select A (young/sex term of dog) and B (correct young of goat) to preserve a consistent “adult : young” mapping.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The original options did not include the correct young term for a goat (kid). Applying the Recovery-First Policy, we minimally repair options so the analogy can be answered consistently as “adult : young.” Given Data / Assumptions: Dog → young: puppy/pup (sex terms: dog/bitch). Goat → young: kid. Lamb is the young of a sheep; foal/colt relate to horses; calf to cattle/buffalo. Concept / Approach:Maintain the same relationship on both sides: adult animal → young one. Select the pair that matches both species correctly. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Map dog to its young: puppy/pup.2) Map goat to its young: kid.3) Choose the option that has both correct young terms together. Verification / Alternative check:Standard zoological vocab confirms “kid” for goat and “puppy/pup” for dog. “Bitch” is an adult female dog, not the young. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Puppy/Lamb: Lamb is sheep’s young, not goat’s. Bitch/Lamb: “Bitch” is the adult female dog, not young. Colt/Pony: Horse-related, not dog/goat. Pup/Calf: Calf is cattle/buffalo young, not goat. Common Pitfalls:Confusing “kid” (goat) with “lamb” (sheep) or using sex terms instead of young terms. Final Answer:A. Puppy, B. Kid

Question 18

Complete the action analogy: “A : Prune :: Hair : B”. Select A and B so that each verb describes the appropriate trimming action for the noun.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This analogy pairs an object with the precise action verb commonly used for its neat cutting. We prune a shrub; we trim hair. Given Data / Assumptions: Prune is used with shrubs/trees to remove excess growth. Trim is the general verb for cutting hair to shape/length. Other verbs apply to specific contexts (mow lawns, shear wool, shave beards). Concept / Approach:Choose the exact collocations: prune → shrub; hair → trim. Collocational precision is central to analogy correctness. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify canonical pairs: prune–shrub, trim–hair.2) Reject near-misses that fit different objects (mow, shear, shave).3) Select the option containing both correct collocations. Verification / Alternative check:Dictionary usage confirms “prune shrubs/trees,” “trim hair.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: Wool/Shear: Right verb for wool, but hair is not “sheared” in general usage here. Lawn/Mow: Unrelated to hair. Beard/Shave: Accurate pair, but the prompt requires “Hair : B,” not “Beard.” Tree/Cut: Too generic; lacks collocational precision. Common Pitfalls:Choosing a correct verb for a different noun pair. Final Answer:A. Shrub, B. Trim

Question 19

Tool-to-activity analogy: “A : Gardening :: Bat : B”. Identify A and B so each tool is primarily associated with the stated activity or sport.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:We need tool-to-activity mappings. A spade is a standard gardening tool; a bat is the key implement used in the sport of cricket. Given Data / Assumptions: Gardening commonly uses a spade, hoe, rake, etc. Cricket is played with bat and ball; the bat is iconic. We must avoid pairing objects (grass/flowers) instead of activities. Concept / Approach:Choose options where each tool aligns with an activity category, not with an object or a person. Step-by-Step Solution:1) For gardening, pick a tool: spade.2) For bat, pick the sport: cricket.3) Ensure both are “tool : activity.” Verification / Alternative check:“Gardner” is a person (misspelt); “ball” is an object, not the activity. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Grass/Playing: Object and generic action, not activity label. Flowers/Ball: Objects, not activities. Gardner/Cricket: Person : activity mismatch. Hoe/Baseball: Mixed sports context; the prompt’s second tool is a “bat” generally associated with cricket in such analogies. Common Pitfalls:Pairing tool with an object rather than with the activity itself. Final Answer:A. Spade, B. Cricket

Question 20

Collective-noun analogy: “A : Herd :: Star : B”. Select A and B so that each second term denotes the correct collective/grouping.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Collective nouns name groups. A “herd” refers to a group of grazing animals such as cattle; a “constellation” is a recognized grouping/pattern of stars. Given Data / Assumptions: Herd → cattle, buffalo, etc. Stars are grouped/patterned as constellations in astronomy. We require correct group-label matches. Concept / Approach:Match each item with its standard collective noun: herd–cattle and stars–constellation. Step-by-Step Solution:1) Map herd to cattle.2) Map star to constellation.3) Choose the single option that contains both matches. Verification / Alternative check:“Solar system” is not a collective noun for a set of nearby stars; it is a planetary system around one star. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Wolves/Solar System: Wolves’ collective is “pack”; solar system is a planetary system. Sheep/Sum: Sheep → flock, not “sum.” Fish/Planet: School/shoal for fish; “planet” is unrelated to stars’ grouping. Horses/Galaxy: Horses → team/herd; a galaxy is far larger than a pattern group like constellation. Common Pitfalls:Confusing astronomical scales (constellation vs. galaxy vs. solar system). Final Answer:A. Cattle, B. Constellation

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